Identification of novel immunoreactive proteins of Streptococcus zooepidemicus with potential as vaccine components.
Abstract: Streptococcus zooepidemicus is an important opportunistic pathogen of the equine respiratory and reproductive tracts. A normal tonsillar and mucosal commensal, it becomes invasive under conditions of stress such as virus infection, weaning, high temperature, prolonged transportation and failure of uterine involution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccine potential of several surface exposed and secreted proteins of a novel mucoid clone of SzNC78 (ST-307) from an epizootic of equine respiratory disease. Methods: An expression gene library of SzNC78 was probed with a pool of convalescent equine sera from a clonal epizootic of respiratory disease. Eleven proteins were selected and purified based on putative function, surface expression or secretion and possible importance as virulence factors. Three additional proteins (AhpC, GAPDH and enolase) were also included based on their putative virulence function. Groups of ICR mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with each recombinant antigen and QuilA and later challenged with SzNC78. Results: SzM protected 100% mice (P<0.01), followed by SzP and HylC which protected 90% mice (P=0.01). MAP, SzMAC and ScpC each protected 63% (P<0.05) mice. No control mouse survived challenge. SzM, MAP and ScpC in combination protected mice against a 10 fold higher dosage of SzNC78 than each antigen given separately. Protection against heterologous challenge (SzW60) was conferred by combinations of HylC+ScpC (60%; P=0.05), followed by HylC+MAP (50%; P=0.06) and ScpC+MAP (40%; P=0.1). Serum antibody responses of horses recently recovered from Sz respiratory infection were highest against ScpC, MAP and SzP. A combination of SKC and Sz115 stimulated no protection against challenge with SzW60. Conclusions: A subset of Sz proteins reactive with convalescent equine antibody have potential as components of experimental vaccines to aid in prevention of opportunistic Sz infections.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2013-07-08 PubMed ID: 23845806DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.100Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research explores the potential of using certain proteins from Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a bacterium causing respiratory and reproductive diseases in horses, in creating a vaccine against this pathogen. The study identifies proteins which, when used in a vaccine, provided protection in mice against the bacterium.
Background and Aim
- The study tackles Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Sz), a harmful pathogen that affects horses. This bacterium is typically harmless in animals, colonizing their respiratory and reproductive tracts. However, under certain stress conditions, such as a viral infection, high temperatures, or prolonged transportation, it can become invasive.
- The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of several proteins found on the surface or secreted by Sz as components of a vaccine against the disease.
Methodology
- The researchers worked with a novel clone of Sz (SzNC78) from a disease outbreak related to equine respiratory illness.
- A gene library of SzNC78 was examined using serum from horses that had recovered from the respiratory disease caused by the same clone.
- Based on potential function or their role as a virulence factor, 11 proteins were selected and purified. Three additional proteins were also included due to their potential virulence function.
- Mice were vaccinated with each purified protein and later exposed to SzNC78 to assess the preventative benefits of the vaccination.
Results
- The protein SzM was found to provide the most protection in mice, with 100% survival rate, followed by SzP and HylC (90% survival rate), and MAP, SzMAC, and ScpC (63% survival rate). No mice in the control group survived the pathogen challenge.
- A combination of SzM, MAP and ScpC provided protection in mice against a dosage of SzNC78 ten times higher than that faced by mice given each antigen separately.
- Various combinations of proteins offered protection against a different strain of the bacterium (SzW60).
- Horses recovering from Sz infection demonstrated the highest antibody responses against the proteins ScpC, MAP, and SzP.
Conclusions
- Some proteins from Streptococcus zooepidemicus that react with equine antibodies could be considered as potential components for a vaccine against this pathogen.
- However, more research and testing are essential to further determine the effectiveness and safety of these proteins in a vaccine and their potential use in larger-scale prevention of opportunistic Sz infections in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Velineni S, Timoney JF.
(2013).
Identification of novel immunoreactive proteins of Streptococcus zooepidemicus with potential as vaccine components.
Vaccine, 31(38), 4129-4135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.100 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins / genetics
- Bacterial Proteins / immunology
- Cross Reactions
- Female
- Gene Library
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Recombinant Proteins / genetics
- Recombinant Proteins / immunology
- Respiratory Tract Infections / microbiology
- Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
- Streptococcal Vaccines / genetics
- Streptococcal Vaccines / immunology
- Streptococcal Vaccines / pharmacology
- Streptococcus equi / genetics
- Streptococcus equi / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Bergmann R, Schroedl W, Müller U, Baums CG. A distinct variant of the SzM protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus recruits C1q independent of IgG binding and inhibits activation of the classical complement pathway. Virulence 2023 Dec;14(1):2235461.
- Schmidt LK, Orne CE, Shaffer TL, Wilson SM, Khakhum N, Torres AG, Brett PJ, Burtnick MN. Development of Melioidosis Subunit Vaccines Using an Enzymatically Inactive Burkholderia pseudomallei AhpC. Infect Immun 2022 Aug 18;90(8):e0022222.
- Badamchi A, Bahrami F, Tasbiti AH, Yari S, Shafiei M, Shahcheraghi F, Siadat SD. Immuno-proteomics analysis between OMV of vaccine and dominant wild type strains of Bordetella pertussis in Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2020 Apr;12(2):77-88.
- D'Gama JD, Ma Z, Zhang H, Liu X, Fan H, Morris ERA, Cohen ND, Cywes-Bentley C, Pier GB, Waldor MK. A Conserved Streptococcal Virulence Regulator Controls the Expression of a Distinct Class of M-Like Proteins. mBio 2019 Oct 22;10(5).
- Skive B, Rohde M, Molinari G, Braunstein TH, Bojesen AM. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Invades and Survives in Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017;7:465.
- Guo SH, Wang HF, Nian ZG, Wang YD, Zeng QY, Zhang G. Immunization with alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C reduces Fusobacterium nucleatum load in the intestinal tract. Sci Rep 2017 Sep 5;7(1):10566.
- Whitworth DE, Morgan BH. Synergism Between Bacterial GAPDH and OMVs: Disparate Mechanisms but Co-Operative Action. Front Microbiol 2015;6:1231.
- Raja V, Shanmughapriya S, Kanagavel M, Artiushin SC, Velineni S, Timoney JF, Natarajaseenivasan K. In Vivo-Expressed Proteins of Virulent Leptospira interrogans Serovar Autumnalis N2 Elicit Strong IgM Responses of Value in Conclusive Diagnosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2016 Jan;23(1):65-72.
- Velineni S, Timoney JF, Russell K, Hamlen HJ, Pesavento P, Fortney WD, Crawford PC. Clones of Streptococcus zooepidemicus from outbreaks of hemorrhagic canine pneumonia and associated immune responses. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2014 Sep;21(9):1246-52.
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