Immune and Inflammatory Response in Horse Vaccinated Against Equine Herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) Assessed by Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern and Leukocyte Population.
Abstract: Protection against infectious diseases can be obtained with vaccines generating immunogenic response through a combination of humoral and cellular immunity. In this study haematological and serum protein electrophoretic profiles of horses vaccinated against herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 16 horses before (T0), after 24h, 48h, 72h, 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week (T1I, T2I, T3I, T7I, T14I and T21I) from the first EHV vaccine-dose administration as well as before (TPRE), and after 24h, 48h, 72h, 1st week, 2nd week, 3rd week and 4th week (T1II, T2II, T3II, T7II, T14II, T21II and T28II) from the EHV vaccine-booster. Total leukocyte values increased at T1I, T1II, T3II and T28II compared to T0 (P < .01). Higher lymphocytes and lower neutrophils values were found after first vaccine-dose and vaccine-booster administration compared to the T0 (P < .01). Monocytes showed higher values at T14II than T0 (P < .01). Higher serum values of total proteins, α1-, α-2-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins were found in horses after first vaccine-dose and vaccine-booster administration (P < .01). Gathered results suggest that horses vaccinated against EHV1 and EHV-4 exhibited a dynamic change of WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, the analysis of serum electrophoresis pattern suggested that EHV vaccination induced the development of inflammation and antibody response in vaccinated horses as highlighted by the increase of α-, β- and γ-globulin fractions. These changes probably reflect the systemic immunological adaptation of animals to EHV vaccine.
Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2022-06-23 PubMed ID: 35753636DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104051Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research study investigates the immune and inflammatory responses in horses following vaccination against Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4, using measurements from blood samples collected over time to illustrate changes in leukocyte values and serum protein levels.
Research Overview
- The study evaluates haematological and serum protein electrophoretic profiles of horses vaccinated against Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4).
- Researchers obtained blood samples from 16 horses at various time points before and after the administration of the first EHV vaccine dose and the EHV vaccine-booster.
Immunological Changes after Vaccine Administration
- Total leukocyte values increased significantly at specific time points post-vaccination, indicating a heightened immune response in the horses.
- Post-vaccination, the values for lymphocytes were higher and those for neutrophils were lower than before vaccination, implying modifications in the immune cell population in response to the vaccine.
- Monocyte values were significantly higher two weeks after the vaccine-booster was administered, pointing to another change in the immune response post-vaccination.
Serum Protein Differences in Vaccinated Horses
- After administering the vaccine and the booster, higher serum values were observed for total proteins, α1-, α-2-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins. These molecules play significant roles in immune responses, inflammatory processes and antibody formation.
Implications of the Study
- The changes in leukocyte (white blood cell) counts and serum protein levels suggested that the EHV-1 and EHV-4 vaccinations triggered dynamic changes in the horses’ immune system and induced inflammation and antibody responses. This likely indicates the process of immunological adaptation in the horses following vaccination.
Cite This Article
APA
(2022).
Immune and Inflammatory Response in Horse Vaccinated Against Equine Herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) Assessed by Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern and Leukocyte Population.
J Equine Vet Sci, 116, 104051.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104051 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Electrophoresis / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid
- Herpesvirus Vaccines
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Leukocytes
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- El-Zayat M, Shemies OA, Mosad SM, El Rahman SA. Recent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 among different equine populations in Egypt. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023 Dec;10(4):639-646.
- Aragona F, Arfuso F, Fazio F, De Caro S, Giudice E, Monteverde V, Piccione G, Giannetto C. Circadian Variation of Peripheral Blood Cells in Horses Maintained in Different Environmental and Management Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jun 3;13(11).
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