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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Immunity to equine influenza: relationship of vaccine-induce...
Equine veterinary journal2000; 32(1); 65-74; doi: 10.2746/042516400777612116

Immunity to equine influenza: relationship of vaccine-induced antibody in young Thoroughbred racehorses to protection against field infection with influenza A/equine-2 viruses (H3N8).

Abstract: Field outbreaks of influenza that occurred in vaccinated Thoroughbred racehorses in Newmarket in 1995 and 1996 were investigated by nucleoprotein ELISA and serology. Investigations showed that serum levels of vaccine-induced single radial haemolysis (SRH) antibody correlated closely with protective immunity against equine influenza and were consistent with observations made in previous experimental studies using nebulised aerosol challenge. In the second part of this study, antibody levels stimulated by vaccination were investigated to examine probable protection in high risk groups, such as yearlings and horses in training. Results for yearlings correlated closely with experimentally derived antibody profiles described for several equine influenza vaccines. The horses in training had levels of antibody immediately prior to revaccination, which were higher than those measured in the yearlings. In conclusion, SRH antibody, used in the investigation of outbreaks and surveillance of post vaccination responses, was shown to correlate with and validate experimental vaccination and challenge models currently used in ponies in the licensing of modern vaccines. There may be benefit from serological monitoring of horses following vaccination through identification of susceptible periods to infection and demonstration of poor vaccine responders. This would allow appropriate and timely amendment of vaccination strategies to maximise protective immunity against influenza.
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Publication Date: 2000-02-08 PubMed ID: 10661388DOI: 10.2746/042516400777612116Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers analyzed the immunity of Thoroughbred racehorses to equine influenza in relation to vaccine-induced antibodies. They found a correlation between levels of these antibodies and protective immunity against the flu virus, and suggested that monitoring these antibody levels could benefit the horses by identifying vulnerable periods for infection and individuals who respond poorly to vaccination.

Background and Purpose

  • The purpose of this study was to investigate outbreaks of equine influenza that occurred among vaccinated Thoroughbred racehorses in Newmarket in 1995 and 1996.
  • The researchers aimed to understand the correlation between vaccine-induced antibodies, specifically via Single Radial Hemolysis (SRH), and the immunity against equine influenza in these horses.

Methodology

  • The study utilized nucleoprotein ELISA—a type of blood test to detect the presence of viral proteins—and serology—an examination of blood serum to detect antibodies or identify a virus.
  • The second part of the study assessed levels of antibodies produced as a result of vaccination in high-risk groups, including yearlings and horses in training.

Findings and Conclusions

  • The study found that the levels of SRH antibody— an indicator of immune response—correlated with the protective immunity against equine influenza. These findings aligned with previous studies using nebulised aerosol challenge, which is a method used to simulate exposure to the virus.
  • The study discovered that the horses in training had greater antibody levels immediately prior to revaccination compared to the yearlings, indicating a stronger immunity response from training.
  • Ultimately, the study showed that SRH antibody levels, used in outbreak investigations and post-vaccination surveillance, provided a valid correlation to current vaccination and challenge experiments used in licensing new vaccines.
  • The research suggests that regular serological monitoring of horses post-vaccination can identify periods when the horses are most susceptible to infection and identify those showing poor vaccine response, thereby allowing adjustments to vaccination strategies to maximize protective immunity against the flu virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Newton JR, Townsend HG, Wood JL, Sinclair R, Hannant D, Mumford JA. (2000). Immunity to equine influenza: relationship of vaccine-induced antibody in young Thoroughbred racehorses to protection against field infection with influenza A/equine-2 viruses (H3N8). Equine Vet J, 32(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516400777612116

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-74

Researcher Affiliations

Newton, J R
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Townsend, H G
    Wood, J L
      Sinclair, R
        Hannant, D
          Mumford, J A

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Antibodies, Viral / blood
            • Cohort Studies
            • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
            • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
            • Female
            • Hemolysis
            • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
            • Horse Diseases / immunology
            • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
            • Horse Diseases / virology
            • Horses
            • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
            • Influenza A virus / immunology
            • Male
            • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
            • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
            • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
            • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
            • United Kingdom / epidemiology
            • Vaccination / veterinary
            • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
            • Viral Vaccines / immunology
            • Viral Vaccines / standards

            Citations

            This article has been cited 23 times.
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