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The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society2009; 57(8); 787-800; doi: 10.1369/jhc.2009.953844

Immunohistochemical analysis of laryngeal muscles in normal horses and horses with subclinical recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.

Abstract: We used immunohistochemistry to examine myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-based fiber-type profiles of the right and left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) and arytenoideus transversus (TrA) muscles of six horses without laryngoscopic evidence of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN). Results showed that CAD and TrA muscles have the same slow, 2a, and 2x fibers as equine limb muscles, but not the faster contracting fibers expressing extraocular and 2B MyHCs found in laryngeal muscles of small mammals. Muscles from three horses showed fiber-type grouping bilaterally in the TrA muscles, but only in the left CAD. Fiber-type grouping suggests that denervation and reinnervation of fibers had occurred, and that these horses had subclinical RLN. There was a virtual elimination of 2x fibers in these muscles, accompanied by a significant increase in the percentage of 2a and slow fibers, and hypertrophy of these fiber types. The results suggest that multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are at work in early RLN, including selective denervation and reinnervation of 2x muscle fibers, corruption of neural impulse traffic that regulates 2x and slow muscle fiber types, and compensatory hypertrophy of remaining fibers. We conclude that horses afflicted with mild RLN are able to remain subclinical by compensatory hypertrophy of surviving muscle fibers.
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Publication Date: 2009-04-27 PubMed ID: 19398607PubMed Central: PMC2713078DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.953844Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article discusses the use of immunohistochemistry to explore muscle fiber types in horses, with an emphasis on examining recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN). The resultant findings suggest that mild RLN in horses leads to a range of complex changes in muscle fibers, but the horses manage to remain subclinical due to compensatory hypertrophy of surviving muscle fibers.

Study Methodology

  • The researchers utilized a process called immunohistochemistry to study the profiles of myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) based fiber types present in certain laryngeal muscles of six horses.
  • These muscles were the right and left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) and arytenoideus transversus (TrA).
  • All examined horses had no evidence of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN), a disease affecting nerve function in the horse’s larynx, on laryngoscopic examination.

Findings

  • The results showed that these CAD and TrA muscles possess the same slow, 2a, and 2x fibers found in equine limb muscles.
  • However, they did not contain the extra fast contracting fibers, specifically the extraocular and 2B MyHCs found in the laryngeal muscles of smaller mammals.
  • Measured muscles from three of the horses exhibited what researchers describe as “fiber-type grouping,” suggesting these muscles had experienced denervation (loss of nerve supply) and reinnervation (restoration of nerve supply).
  • This fiber-type grouping occurred in both TrA muscles, but only in the left CAD muscle, leading researchers to deduce that these horses had subclinical (not detectable) RLN.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The results indicated nearly complete removal of 2x fibers in these muscles, alongside a noticeable increase in the proportion of 2a and slow fibers.
  • There was also observable hypertrophy (increase in size) of these fibers.
  • The study’s findings suggest that multiple pathophysiological mechanisms come into play in early RLN. These include selective denervation and reinnervation of 2x muscle fibers, interference with neural impulses that regulate 2x and slow muscle fibers, and compensatory hypertrophy of remaining fibers.
  • The researchers concluded that horses with mild RLN appear to remain subclinical due to this compensatory hypertrophy of the surviving muscle fibers, a sadaptive response that helps maintain normal functioning.

Cite This Article

APA
Rhee HS, Steel CM, Derksen FJ, Robinson NE, Hoh JF. (2009). Immunohistochemical analysis of laryngeal muscles in normal horses and horses with subclinical recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. J Histochem Cytochem, 57(8), 787-800. https://doi.org/10.1369/jhc.2009.953844

Publication

The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society
ISSN: 0022-1554
NlmUniqueID: 9815334
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 57
Issue: 8
Pages: 787-800

Researcher Affiliations

Rhee, Hannah S
  • Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Steel, Catherine M
    Derksen, Frederik J
      Robinson, N Edward
        Hoh, Joseph F Y

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Monoclonal
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / metabolism
          • Horse Diseases / pathology
          • Horses
          • Immunohistochemistry
          • Laryngeal Muscles / innervation
          • Laryngeal Muscles / metabolism
          • Laryngeal Muscles / pathology
          • Male
          • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism
          • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / pathology
          • Myosin Heavy Chains / immunology
          • Myosin Heavy Chains / metabolism
          • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / metabolism
          • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / pathology
          • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
          • Protein Isoforms / immunology
          • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
          • Recurrence
          • Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / pathology

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