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Vaccine2009; 27(12); 1797-1810; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.063

Immunoprophylaxis against important virus disease of horses, farm animals and birds.

Abstract: Since the refinement of tissue culture techniques for virus isolation and propagation from the mid 1960s onwards, veterinary virology has received much academic and industrial interest, and has now become a major global industry largely centred on vaccine development against economically important virus diseases of food animals. Bio-tech approaches have been widely used for improved vaccines development. While many viral diseases are controlled through vaccination, many still lack safe and efficacious vaccines. Additional challenges faced by academia, industry and governments are likely to come from viruses jumping species and also from the emergence of virulent variants of established viruses due to natural mutations. Also viral ecology is changing as the respective vectors adapt to new habitats as has been shown in the recent incursion by bluetongue virus into Europe. In this paper the current vaccines for livestock, horses and birds are described in a species by species order. The new promising bio-tech approaches using reverse genetics, non-replicating viral vectors, alpha virus vectors and genetic vaccines in conjunction with better adjuvants and better ways of vaccine delivery are discussed as well
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Publication Date: 2009-04-30 PubMed ID: 19402200PubMed Central: PMC7130586DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.063Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the progress in the development of vaccines for viral diseases affecting horses, farm animals, and birds. The paper examines the current state of vaccines for each species, and also considers promising new biotechnological strategies for improved vaccine development.

Exploring the Field of Veterinary Virology

  • This paper contextualizes the field of veterinary virology, which has advanced significantly since the mid-1960s following the refinement of virus isolation and propagation techniques through tissue culture. It emphasizes that this area of study has seen increasing academic and industrial interest over the years.
  • Currently, veterinary virology plays a significant role in the global industry, primarily focusing on developing vaccines against virus diseases prevalent in animals raised for food. This has important economic implications as it safeguards the food supply chain from disruptions due to these diseases.

Challenges and Evolving Viral Trends

  • Despite the industry’s expansion and progress in controlling many viral diseases through vaccination, some diseases continue to lack safe and effective solutions. This reveals significant gaps in the current state of veterinary vaccine development.
  • Other challenges discussed include the viral diseases jumping between species and the emergence of more virulent virus variants due to natural mutations. These issues complicate the attempts to control and eradicate these diseases.
  • Significant changes in viral ecology are resulting from various vectors adapting to new habitats. The example cited is the bluetongue virus’s incursion into Europe, underscoring the importance of monitoring and understanding these diseases’ shifting geographical profiles.

Future of Vaccine Development

  • The paper provides a review of the current vaccines available for livestock, horses, and birds, describing the state of each on a species-by-species basis.
  • Potential methods for improved vaccine development are discussed in light of emerging biotechnological tools. These include the use of reverse genetics, non-replicating viral vectors, alpha virus vectors, and genetic vaccines.
  • More efficient vaccine delivery methods and the use of better adjuvants—substances that enhance the body’s immune response to an antigen—are also considered. These cutting-edge approaches may shape the future direction of veterinary vaccine development and help address the current challenges in the field.

Cite This Article

APA
Patel JR, Heldens JG. (2009). Immunoprophylaxis against important virus disease of horses, farm animals and birds. Vaccine, 27(12), 1797-1810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.063

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 0264-410X
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 12
Pages: 1797-1810

Researcher Affiliations

Patel, J R
  • JAS Biologicals Limited, The Centre for Veterinary Science, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK. jasltd@aol.com
Heldens, J G M

    MeSH Terms

    • Animal Diseases / immunology
    • Animal Diseases / prevention & control
    • Animals
    • Animals, Domestic / immunology
    • Bird Diseases / immunology
    • Bird Diseases / prevention & control
    • Horse Diseases / immunology
    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
    • Horses
    • Sheep
    • Sheep Diseases / immunology
    • Sheep Diseases / prevention & control
    • Swine
    • Swine Diseases / immunology
    • Swine Diseases / prevention & control
    • Virus Diseases / immunology
    • Virus Diseases / prevention & control

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