In vitro comparison of cortical bone temperature generation between traditional sequential drilling and a newly designed step drill in the equine third metacarpal bone.
Abstract: To compare heat generation and time to finish between a new step drill and sequential drilling in order to create a 6.2 mm pilot hole for insertion of a positive profile transfixation pin into the equine third metacarpal bone. Methods: Nine pairs of equine third metacarpal bones from cadavers of adult horses were used. Maximum temperature rise of the bone was measured continuously at the cis- and trans-cortices 1, 2 and 3 mm from the final pilot hole during creation of a 6.2 mm hole using a step drill and sequential drilling with 4.5, 5.5 and 6.2 mm drill bits. Five holes were drilled into the mid diaphysis of each bone in lateral to medial direction, and drilling forces of 60, 80 and 120 N were used (15 holes in each group). Time from start to finish was measured and cortical thickness was recorded for each hole. Results: The maximum heat generation (mean [95% CI]) with step drilling and sequential drilling was not significantly different at 60 N and 120 N of drilling force. However, at 80 N of drilling force, the 2.13 degrees C difference between the two drilling techniques was significant. The time to finish (seconds) was significantly shorter for the holes created by step drilling (35.1 [32.06 - 37.59]) than by sequential drilling (145.8 [138.52 - 151.67]) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on our results, we concluded that the step drill is a viable alternative to traditional sequential drilling of equine third metacarpal bone because it did not result in excessive heat generation that can result in bone necrosis.
Publication Date: 2009-10-29 PubMed ID: 19876527DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-09-03-0029Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article is about an experimental study that compared heat generation and time efficiency between a new step drill and sequential drilling while creating pilot holes in horse metacarpal bones, and found the step drill to be a viable alternative due to similar heat outcomes yet significantly shorter duration.
Objective and Methods of the Study
- The primary objective of the research was to compare heat produced and completion time between a newly designed step drill and traditional sequential drilling while creating a 6.2mm hole in equine metacarpal bones. This hole is typically made for the insertion of a positive profile transfixation pin in veterinary medicine.
- For the experiment, nine pairs of equine third metacarpal bones from deceased adult horses were used.
- Measurements of the maximum temperature raise at various sites around the hole being drilled were constantly recorded while using both the step drill and sequential drilling with drill bits of different diameters.
- A total of five holes per bone were drilled using different forces and the time taken from the start to the finish was measured along with the cortical thickness of each hole.
Results of the Study
- Findings suggested that the maximum heat generated using both step drilling and sequential drilling showed no significant difference at drilling forces of 60 N and 120 N. However, at a drilling force of 80 N, the 2.13 degree Celsius difference favoring the step drill was deemed significant.
- Another significant result was the time taken to complete the drilling process. It was found to be considerably shorter for holes created by step drills (averaging 35.1 seconds) as compared to sequential drilling (averaging 145.8 seconds).
Conclusions from the Study
- The study concluded that the step drill stands as a useful alternative to traditional sequential drilling in the equine third metacarpal bone. This is because it managed to avoid excessive heat generation, which can potentially lead to bone necrosis, while also being considerably quicker compared to sequential drilling.
Cite This Article
APA
Bubeck KA, García-López J, Maranda LS.
(2009).
In vitro comparison of cortical bone temperature generation between traditional sequential drilling and a newly designed step drill in the equine third metacarpal bone.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 22(6), 442-447.
https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-09-03-0029 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North-Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone Nails / veterinary
- Bone Screws / veterinary
- Bone and Bones / pathology
- Cadaver
- Forelimb
- Fractures, Bone / pathology
- Fractures, Bone / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / surgery
- Horses / injuries
- Hot Temperature
- Orthopedic Procedures / veterinary
- Stress, Mechanical
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Akhbar MFA, Sulong AW. Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review.. Ann Biomed Eng 2021 Jan;49(1):29-56.
- Augustin G, Davila S, Udilljak T, Staroveski T, Brezak D, Babic S. Temperature changes during cortical bone drilling with a newly designed step drill and an internally cooled drill.. Int Orthop 2012 Jul;36(7):1449-56.
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