FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Can J Vet Res / In vitro study of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9, 13 and ...
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2018; 82(2); 82-88; doi: 10.1155/2015/329418

In vitro study of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9, 13 and serum amyloid A mRNAs expression in equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes treated with doxycycline.

Abstract: Application of synthetic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitors, such as doxycycline is one of the possible therapeutic options for osteoarthritis. However, little is known about the protective mechanism of doxycycline in equine models on MMPs inhibitors as well as on serum amyloid A (SAA) gene expression. This study investigated the effects of doxycycline on mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and SAA of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). The FLSs were established from synovial fluids of clinically normal metacarpophalangeal joints of 6 skeletally mature horses. The cells were treated with either 10 or 100 μg/mL of doxycycline for 48 h. The mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and SAA were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment with doxycycline resulted in significantly decreased mRNA expression of MMP-1 in FLSs at both concentrations ( = 0.001). No significant differences were detected among groups for MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 ( > 0.05). Only a tendency towards a decrease in mRNA expression level of SAA in the presence of doxycycline could be detected. Doxycycline inhibits MMP-1 gene expression at the transcript level. These findings indicate that doxycycline can protect the articular environment through inhibition of MMP-1 at transcript level. L’application d’inhibiteurs synthétiques des métalloprotéinases de la matrice (MMP), telle que la doxycycline, est une des options thérapeutiques possibles pour l’ostéoarthrite. Toutefois, peu de choses sont connues sur le mécanisme protecteur de la doxycycline dans les modèles équins des inhibiteurs des MMP, de même que sur l’expression génique de l’amyloïde sérique A (SAA). La présente étude visait à déterminer les effets de la doxycycline sur l’expression de l’ARNm de MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, et SAA des synoviocytes équins apparentés aux fibroblastes (FLS). Les FLS ont été établis à partir du liquide synovial provenant d’articulations métacarpo-phalangiennes cliniquement normales de six chevaux squelettiquement matures. Les cellules ont été traitées avec 10 ou 100 μg/mL de doxycycline pendant 48 h. L’expression d’ARNm de MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, et SAA a été évaluée par réaction d’amplification en chaîne par la polymérase en temps réel. Le traitement avec la doxycycline a causé une diminution significative de l’expression de MMP-1 par les FLS et ce pour les deux concentrations ( = 0,001). Aucune différence significative ne fut détectée parmi les groupes MMP-2, MMP-9, et MMP-13 ( > 0,05). Seulement une tendance à la diminution de l’expression d’ARNm de SAA en présence de doxycycline pouvait être notée. La doxycycline inhibe l’expression génique de MMP-1 à l’étape de la transcription. Ces informations indiquent que la doxycycline peut protéger l’environnement articulaire en inhibant MMP-1 à l’étape de la transcription.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2018-05-15 PubMed ID: 29755186PubMed Central: PMC5914083DOI: 10.1155/2015/329418Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how doxycycline, a matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor, impacts the mRNA expression of MMPs and serum amyloid A in horse cells (specifically equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes). The conclusion suggests that doxycycline reduces mRNA expression of MMP-1 which could potentially assist in alleviating conditions like osteoarthritis in horses.

Methods Utilized

  • Equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were extracted from the synovial fluids of the metacarpophalangeal joints (part of the horse’s lower skeletal limb) of 6 mature horses that showed no clinical abnormalities.
  • The FLSs were then treated with two different concentrations of doxycycline (10 and 100 μg/mL) for a period of 48 hours.
  • The impacts of the doxycycline treatment on the mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13 and SAA were then assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is a specific method used to amplify and quantify nucleic acids (like DNA and RNA).

Key Findings

  • The researchers found a significant decrease in MMP-1 mRNA expressions in FLSs when treated with doxycycline, irrespective of the dose (either 10 or 100 μg/mL).
  • However, when it came to mRNA expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, the doxycycline treatment didn’t show any significant impact.
  • The study also found a mere tendency towards a reduction in SAA mRNA expression when treated with doxycycline, but the change was not significant enough to reach a firm conclusion.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The significant decrease in MMP-1 mRNA expression due to doxycycline suggests that this drug may possess a protective mechanism against osteoarthritis in equine models. This is believed to be achieved by inhibiting MMP-1 at the mRNA transcript level, thus potentially preserving the joint environment.
  • The lack of significant changes in the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and SAA suggests that doxycycline’s therapeutic effects may be more targeted, rather than broad-spectrum.
  • Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying doxycycline’s therapeutic effects, and could identify new avenues for equine osteoarthritis treatment strategies in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Ghasemi S, Sardari K, Mirshokraei P, Hassanpour H. (2018). In vitro study of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9, 13 and serum amyloid A mRNAs expression in equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes treated with doxycycline. Can J Vet Res, 82(2), 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/329418

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 82
Issue: 2
Pages: 82-88

Researcher Affiliations

Ghasemi, Samaneh
  • Section of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences (Ghasemi, Sardari); Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran (Mirshokraei); Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran (Hassanpour).
Sardari, Kamran
  • Section of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences (Ghasemi, Sardari); Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran (Mirshokraei); Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran (Hassanpour).
Mirshokraei, Pezhman
  • Section of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences (Ghasemi, Sardari); Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran (Mirshokraei); Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran (Hassanpour).
Hassanpour, Hossein
  • Section of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences (Ghasemi, Sardari); Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran (Mirshokraei); Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran (Hassanpour).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Doxycycline / pharmacology
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases / genetics
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases / metabolism
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / genetics
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
  • Synovial Fluid / cytology
  • Synoviocytes / metabolism

References

This article includes 49 references
  1. Mcllwraiht CW, Frisible DD, Kawcak CE. The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis.. Bone Joint Res 2012;1:279–309.
  2. Steinert AF, Ghivizzani SC, Rethwilm A, Tuan RS, Evans CH, Nöth U. Major biological obstacles for persistent cell-based regeneration of articular cartilage.. Arthritis Res Ther 2007;9(3):213.
    pmc: PMC2206353pubmed: 17561986doi: 10.1186/ar2195google scholar: lookup
  3. Poulet B, Staines KA. New developments in osteoarthritis and cartilage biology.. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016 Jun;28:8-13.
    pubmed: 26921602doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.009google scholar: lookup
  4. Blom AB, van den Berg WB. The synovium and its role in osteoarthritis.. Bone and Osteoarthritis 2007;pp. 65–79.
  5. Andreassen SM, Berg LC, Nielsen SS, Kristensen AT, Jacobsen S. mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammation and haemostasis in equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes following exposure to lipopolysaccharide, fibrinogen and thrombin.. BMC Vet Res 2015 Jun 27;11:141.
    pmc: PMC4483216pubmed: 26116380doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0448-zgoogle scholar: lookup
  6. Sardari K, Chavez-Muñoz C, Kilani RT, Schiller T, Ghahary A. Increased levels of the 14-3-3 η and γ proteins in the synovial fluid of dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture.. Can J Vet Res 2011 Oct;75(4):271-7.
    pmc: PMC3187633pubmed: 22468024
  7. Murphy G, Knäuper V, Atkinson S, Butler G, English W, Hutton M, Stracke J, Clark I. Matrix metalloproteinases in arthritic disease.. Arthritis Res 2002;4 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S39-49.
    pmc: PMC3240148pubmed: 12110122doi: 10.1186/ar572google scholar: lookup
  8. Tokito A, Jougasaki M. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Non-Neoplastic Disorders.. Int J Mol Sci 2016 Jul 21;17(7).
    pmc: PMC4964549pubmed: 27455234doi: 10.3390/ijms17071178google scholar: lookup
  9. Rengel Y, Ospelt C, Gay S. Proteinases in the joint: clinical relevance of proteinases in joint destruction.. Arthritis Res Ther 2007;9(5):221.
    pmc: PMC2212555pubmed: 18001502doi: 10.1186/ar2304google scholar: lookup
  10. Zrimšek P, Kadunc Kos V, Mrkun J, Kosec M. Diagnostic value of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in synovial fluid for identifying osteoarthritis in the distal interphalangeal joint in horses.. Acta Vet Brno 2007;76:87–95.
  11. Jacobsen S, Ladefoged S, Berg LC. Production of serum amyloid A in equine articular chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes treated with proinflammatory cytokines and its effects on the two cell types in culture.. Am J Vet Res 2016 Jan;77(1):50-8.
    pubmed: 26709936doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.1.50google scholar: lookup
  12. Jacobsen S, Thomsen MH, Nanni S. Concentrations of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid from healthy horses and horses with joint disease.. Am J Vet Res 2006 Oct;67(10):1738-42.
    pubmed: 17014325doi: 10.2460/ajvr.67.10.1738google scholar: lookup
  13. Ebert R, Benisch P, Krug M, Zeck S, Meißner-Weigl J, Steinert A, Rauner M, Hofbauer L, Jakob F. Acute phase serum amyloid A induces proinflammatory cytokines and mineralization via toll-like receptor 4 in mesenchymal stem cells.. Stem Cell Res 2015 Jul;15(1):231-9.
    pubmed: 26135899doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.06.008google scholar: lookup
  14. Upragarin N, Asten AJ, J Tooten PC, M Landman WJ, Gruys E. Serum amyloid A production by chicken fibroblast-like synoviocytes.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005 Jun 15;106(1-2):39-51.
    pubmed: 15910991doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.01.004google scholar: lookup
  15. Hwang YG, Balasubramani GK, Metes ID, Levesque MC, Bridges SL Jr, Moreland LW. Differential response of serum amyloid A to different therapies in early rheumatoid arthritis and its potential value as a disease activity biomarker.. Arthritis Res Ther 2016 May 17;18(1):108.
    pmc: PMC4869396pubmed: 27188329doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1009-ygoogle scholar: lookup
  16. O'Hara R, Murphy EP, Whitehead AS, FitzGerald O, Bresnihan B. Acute-phase serum amyloid A production by rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue.. Arthritis Res 2000;2(2):142-4.
    pmc: PMC17807pubmed: 11062604doi: 10.1186/ar78google scholar: lookup
  17. Connolly M, Mullan RH, McCormick J, Matthews C, Sullivan O, Kennedy A, FitzGerald O, Poole AR, Bresnihan B, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Acute-phase serum amyloid A regulates tumor necrosis factor α and matrix turnover and predicts disease progression in patients with inflammatory arthritis before and after biologic therapy.. Arthritis Rheum 2012 Apr;64(4):1035-45.
    pubmed: 22076945doi: 10.1002/art.33455google scholar: lookup
  18. Alcaraz MJ, Megías J, García-Arnandis I, Clérigues V, Guillén MI. New molecular targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis.. Biochem Pharmacol 2010 Jul 1;80(1):13-21.
    pubmed: 20206140doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.017google scholar: lookup
  19. Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Doxycycline hyclate: A review of properties, applications and analytical methods.. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res 2012;2:11–25.
  20. Tilakaratne A, Soory M. Anti-inflammatory Actions of Adjunctive Tetracyclines and Other Agents in Periodontitis and Associated Comorbidities.. Open Dent J 2014;8:109-24.
    pmc: PMC4073587pubmed: 24976875doi: 10.2174/1874210601408010109google scholar: lookup
  21. Di Caprio R, Lembo S, Di Costanzo L, Balato A, Monfrecola G. Anti-inflammatory properties of low and high doxycycline doses: an in vitro study.. Mediators Inflamm 2015;2015:329418.
    doi: 10.1155/2015/329418pmc: PMC4421036pubmed: 25977597google scholar: lookup
  22. Gerald N, Smith JR, Karen AH. Structure/function studies of doxycycline effects on matrix metalloproteinase activity and cartilage degeneration.. Tetracyclines in Biology, Chemistry and Medicine 2001;pp. 283–293.
  23. Verbruggen G. Chondroprotective drugs in degenerative joint diseases.. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006 Feb;45(2):129-38.
    pubmed: 16278282doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei171google scholar: lookup
  24. Fortier LA, Motta T, Greenwald RA, Divers TJ, Mayr KG. Synoviocytes are more sensitive than cartilage to the effects of minocycline and doxycycline on IL-1alpha and MMP-13-induced catabolic gene responses.. J Orthop Res 2010 Apr;28(4):522-8.
    pubmed: 19813262doi: 10.1002/jor.21006google scholar: lookup
  25. Ghasemi S, Mirshokraei P, Hassanpour H, Sardari K. Identification of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes treated by doxycycline.. J Equine Vet Sci 2017;50:44–51.
  26. Pfaffal MW. Qualification strategies in real-time PCR.. The real-time PCR encyclopedia A–Z of quantitative PCR 2004;pp. 87–120.
  27. Dorak M, Real-Time PCR, Oxford UK. Taylor & Francis; 2006.
  28. Mora R, Binanti D, Mora N. Pathological findings and immunohistochemical evaluation of MMP-2 and TIMPs in equine fetlock affected by degenerative joint disease.. AJCEM 2015;3:172–177.
  29. Kim KS, Choi HM, Lee YA, Choi IA, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Yang HI, Yoo MC. Expression levels and association of gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and collagenases MMP-1 and MMP-13 with VEGF in synovial fluid of patients with arthritis.. Rheumatol Int 2011 Apr;31(4):543-7.
    pubmed: 20665024doi: 10.1007/s00296-010-1592-1google scholar: lookup
  30. Leite LM, Carvalho AG, Ferreira PL, Pessoa IX, Gonçalves DO, Lopes Ade A, Góes JG, Alves VC, Leal LK, Brito GA, Viana GS. Anti-inflammatory properties of doxycycline and minocycline in experimental models: an in vivo and in vitro comparative study.. Inflammopharmacology 2011 Apr;19(2):99-110.
    pubmed: 21350981doi: 10.1007/s10787-011-0077-5google scholar: lookup
  31. Schnabel LV, Papich MG, Watts AE, Fortier LA. Orally administered doxycycline accumulates in synovial fluid compared to plasma.. Equine Vet J 2010 Apr;42(3):208-12.
    pubmed: 20486976doi: 10.2746/042516409x478514google scholar: lookup
  32. Evans CH, Kraus VB, Setton LA. Progress in intra-articular therapy.. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014 Jan;10(1):11-22.
    pmc: PMC4402210pubmed: 24189839doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.159google scholar: lookup
  33. Axisa B, Loftus IM, Naylor AR, Goodall S, Jones L, Bell PR, Thompson MM. Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial investigating the effect of doxycycline on matrix metalloproteinase expression within atherosclerotic carotid plaques.. Stroke 2002 Dec;33(12):2858-64.
    pubmed: 12468782doi: 10.1161/01.str.0000038098.04291.f6google scholar: lookup
  34. Shlopov BV, Smith GN Jr, Cole AA, Hasty KA. Differential patterns of response to doxycycline and transforming growth factor beta1 in the down-regulation of collagenases in osteoarthritic and normal human chondrocytes.. Arthritis Rheum 1999 Apr;42(4):719-27.
    pubmed: 10211886doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:4<719::aid-anr15>3.0.co;2-tgoogle scholar: lookup
  35. Sadowski T, Steinmeyer J. Effects of tetracyclines on the production of matrix metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators as well as of their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.. Inflamm Res 2001 Mar;50(3):175-82.
    pubmed: 11339506doi: 10.1007/s000110050742google scholar: lookup
  36. Burrage PS, Mix KS, Brinckerhoff CE. Matrix metalloproteinases: role in arthritis.. Front Biosci 2006 Jan 1;11:529-43.
    pubmed: 16146751doi: 10.2741/1817google scholar: lookup
  37. Goldbach-Mansky R, Lee JM, Hoxworth JM, Smith D 2nd, Duray P, Schumacher RH Jr, Yarboro CH, Klippel J, Kleiner D, El-Gabalawy HS. Active synovial matrix metalloproteinase-2 is associated with radiographic erosions in patients with early synovitis.. Arthritis Res 2000;2(2):145-53.
    pmc: PMC17808pubmed: 11062605doi: 10.1186/ar79google scholar: lookup
  38. Shen LC, Chen YK, Lin LM, Shaw SY. Anti-invasion and anti-tumor growth effect of doxycycline treatment for human oral squamous-cell carcinoma--in vitro and in vivo studies.. Oral Oncol 2010 Mar;46(3):178-84.
    pubmed: 20036604doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.11.013google scholar: lookup
  39. Liu J, Xiong W, Baca-Regen L, Nagase H, Baxter BT. Mechanism of inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by doxycycline in human aortic smooth muscle cells.. J Vasc Surg 2003 Dec;38(6):1376-83.
    pubmed: 14681644doi: 10.1016/s0741-5214(03)01022-xgoogle scholar: lookup
  40. Wang-Gillam A, Siegel E, Mayes DA. Anti-tumor effect of doxycycline on glioblastoma cells.. J Cancer Mol 2007;3:147–153.
  41. Wang C, Xiang R, Zhang X, Chen Y. Doxycycline inhibits leukemic cell migration via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase.. Mol Med Rep 2015 Sep;12(3):3374-3380.
    pmc: PMC4526096pubmed: 26004127doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3833google scholar: lookup
  42. Maher MC, Schnabel LV, Cross JA, Papich MG, Divers TJ, Fortier LA. Plasma and synovial fluid concentration of doxycycline following low-dose, low-frequency administration, and resultant inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-13 from interleukin-stimulated equine synoviocytes.. Equine Vet J 2014 Mar;46(2):198-202.
    pubmed: 23855565doi: 10.1111/evj.12139google scholar: lookup
  43. Lindy O, Konttinen YT, Sorsa T, Ding Y, Santavirta S, Ceponis A, López-Otín C. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (collagenase 3) in human rheumatoid synovium.. Arthritis Rheum 1997 Aug;40(8):1391-9.
    pubmed: 9259418doi: 10.1002/art.1780400806google scholar: lookup
  44. Shlopov BV, Stuart JM, Gumanovskaya ML, Hasty KA. Regulation of cartilage collagenase by doxycycline.. J Rheumatol 2001 Apr;28(4):835-42.
    pubmed: 11327259
  45. Lee HH, O'Malley MJ, Friel NA, Chu CR. Effects of doxycycline on mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis and cartilage repair.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013 Feb;21(2):385-393.
    pmc: PMC5395099pubmed: 23186943doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.11.010google scholar: lookup
  46. Singh LP, Mishra A, Saha D, Swarnakar S. Doxycycline blocks gastric ulcer by regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and oxidative stress.. World J Gastroenterol 2011 Jul 28;17(28):3310-21.
    pmc: PMC3160535pubmed: 21876619doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i28.3310google scholar: lookup
  47. Ladefoged SL, Jacobsen SJ, Thomsen MHT, Berg LCB. Serum amyloid A is expressed in cultured equine synoviocytes stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro.. Vet Surg 2014;43:E144.
  48. Berg LC, Thomsen PD, Andersen PH, Jensen HE, Jacobsen S. Serum amyloid A is expressed in histologically normal tissues from horses and cattle.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011 Nov 15;144(1-2):155-9.
    pubmed: 21783263doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.037google scholar: lookup
  49. Novakofski KD, Berg LC, Bronzini I, Bonnevie ED, Poland SG, Bonassar LJ, Fortier LA. Joint-dependent response to impact and implications for post-traumatic osteoarthritis.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015 Jul;23(7):1130-7.
    pmc: PMC4778978pubmed: 25725390doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.023google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Hioki T, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Diagnosis and Intervention in Early Psoriatic Arthritis.. J Clin Med 2022 Apr 6;11(7).
    doi: 10.3390/jcm11072051pubmed: 35407659google scholar: lookup
  2. Singh H, Chauhan P, Singh J, Saurabh, Gautam CS, Kakkar AK. Concomitant use of dexamethasone and tetracyclines: a potential therapeutic option for the management of severe COVID-19 infection?. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021 Mar;14(3):315-322.
    doi: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1888714pubmed: 33586566google scholar: lookup
  3. Barton AK, Richter IG, Ahrens T, Merle R, Alalwani A, Lilge S, Purschke K, Barnewitz D, Gehlen H. MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic.. Mediators Inflamm 2021;2021:9501478.
    doi: 10.1155/2021/9501478pubmed: 33488296google scholar: lookup
  4. Velloso Alvarez A, Boone LH, Pondugula SR, Caldwell F, Wooldridge AA. Effects of Autologous Conditioned Serum, Autologous Protein Solution, and Triamcinolone on Inflammatory and Catabolic Gene Expression in Equine Cartilage and Synovial Explants Treated With IL-1β in Co-culture.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:323.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00323pubmed: 32671108google scholar: lookup
  5. He Y, Ma C, Xing J, Wang S, Ji C, Han Y, Zhang J. Serum amyloid a protein as a potential biomarker in predicting acute onset and association with in-hospital death in acute aortic dissection.. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019 Dec 3;19(1):282.
    doi: 10.1186/s12872-019-1267-0pubmed: 31810459google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.