In vivo cross-protection to African horse sickness Serotypes 5 and 9 after vaccination with Serotypes 8 and 6.
Abstract: The polyvalent African horsesickness (AHS) attenuated live virus (AHS-ALV) vaccine produced at Onderstepoort Biological Products incorporates 7 of the 9 known serotypes circulating in southern Africa. Serological cross-reaction has been shown in vitro to Serotypes 5 and 9 by Serotypes 8 and 6 respectively, but the degree of in vivo cross-protection between these serotypes in vaccinated horses has not previously been reported. Due to the increasing incidence of AHS Serotypes 5 and 9 in the field, over the last 3-4 seasons of AHS in South Africa, and the absence of Serotypes 5 and 9 in the AHS-ALV vaccine, it was necessary to conduct a vaccination-challenge study to determine in vivo cross-protection of vaccine-incorporated Serotypes 8 and 6 respectively. Groups of horses were vaccinated with either the polyvalent AHS-ALV vaccine or a monovalent Serotype 6 (vAHSV6) or 8 (vAHSV8) vaccine to determine the cross-protection of vaccinated horses following challenge with virulent AHS virus (AHSV) of either Serotype 5, 6, 8 or 9. Serial vaccination of naive horses with the polyvalent AHS-ALV vaccine generated a broad neutralizing antibody response to all vaccine strains as well as cross-neutralizing antibodies to Serotypes 5 and 9. Booster vaccination of horses with monovalent vaccine vAHSV6 or vAHSV8 induced an adequate protective immune response to challenge with homologous and heterologous virulent virus. In vivo cross-protection between AHSV6 and AHSV9 and AHSV8 and AHSV5 respectively, was demonstrated.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2010-07-16 PubMed ID: 20638456DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.105Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The research paper focuses on the study of how effective the African Horse Sickness (AHS) live attenuated virus vaccine is, particularly with regards to cross-protection between different serotypes of the disease.
Importance of Research
- The research is particularly important due to the increased incidence of African Horse Sickness caused by serotypes 5 and 9 in recent years, despite these serotypes not being included in the AHS live attenuated virus vaccine.
- To address this, the researchers conducted a vaccination-challenge study to determine if there was in vivo (within the body) cross-protection from serotypes 6 and 8, which are included in the vaccine, against serotypes 5 and 9.
Method and Procedures
- The researchers divided horses into groups and vaccinated them with either the AHS-ALV polyvalent vaccine (which contains multiple serotypes) or a monovalent vaccine (which contains only one serotype) for either serotype 6 or 8.
- After vaccination, the horses were then challenged with the virulent AHS virus of either serotype 5, 6, 8, or 9 to test the amount of protective immune response generated by the vaccinations.
Results
- The study found that the AHS-ALV vaccine was able to produce a broad neutralizing antibody response to all serotypes included in the vaccine.
- In addition, it generated cross-neutralizing antibodies to serotypes 5 and 9, which are not included in the vaccine. This demonstrates that in vivo cross-protection against these serotypes is possible from vaccination with serotypes 6 and 8.
- The booster vaccinations with the monovalent vaccines also successfully raised adequate immune responses to the challenge with the virulent virus, whether the challenge was with a homologous (same) or heterologous (different) serotype.
- This again suggests the possibility of cross-protection between serotypes 6 and 9 and between serotypes 8 and 5.
Conclusion
- The paper concludes that, in vivo cross-protection was demonstrated between serotypes 6 and 8 against serotypes 5 and 9 respectively.
- This is an encouraging result, suggesting that existing vaccines may still provide protection against these serotypes despite them not being directly included in the vaccine.
Cite This Article
APA
von Teichman BF, Dungu B, Smit TK.
(2010).
In vivo cross-protection to African horse sickness Serotypes 5 and 9 after vaccination with Serotypes 8 and 6.
Vaccine, 28(39), 6505-6517.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.105 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Research and Development Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products Ltd, Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. beate@obpvaccines.co.za
MeSH Terms
- African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
- African Horse Sickness Virus / classification
- African Horse Sickness Virus / immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Body Temperature
- Cross Protection
- Horses / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
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