Incidence and morphology of equine and murine chondrocytic cilia.
Abstract: The incidence and structure of equine and murine chondrocytic cilia were studied using serial sections and transmission electron microscopy. Overall, 96% of all equine chondrocytes and 100% of all murine chondrocytes had one cilium. The structure of these cilia included rootlets, basal feet, alar sheets, and an axoneme of nine peripheral doublets which progressively bent and terminated as they coursed towards the tip of the ciliary shaft. Together with the previous studies on neonatal and adult canine chondrocytic cilia, we conclude that the structure and incidence of chondrocytic cilia does not vary among species, regions within a joint, cell types, or age groups.
Publication Date: 1980-07-01 PubMed ID: 7436010DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091970309Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research article discusses a study on the occurrence and structure of cilia, a type of cellular structure, in cartilage cells (chondrocytes) of horses and mice. The researchers used microscopic techniques to identify that virtually all such cells have a single cilium, with the structure remaining consistent across different species, areas within a joint, cell types, and age groups.
Research Methodology
- The researchers undertook an investigation into the incidence (occurrence rate) and structure of chondrocytic cilia in horses (equine) and mice (murine).
- They used serial sections and transmission electron microscopy, an advanced microscopy technique that uses a focused beam of electrons instead of light to image specimens. This technique allows scientists to see structures at a molecular level.
Findings and Interpretation
- They found that 96% of all equine chondrocytes and 100% of all murine chondrocytes, had one cilium, a minute hairlike structure observed in living cells.
- The structure of these cilia included rootlets, basal feet, alar sheets, and an axoneme of nine peripheral doublets, threadlike strands forming part of the spindle in cell division, which progressively bent and terminated as they coursed towards the tip of the ciliary shaft.
- In other words, the cilia’s structure starts at the base with rootlets and extends towards the ends with the twisted threads of the axoneme.
Context and Conclusion
- This research builds upon previous studies on chondrocytic cilia in neonatal (newborn) and adult canine (dogs).
- The researchers conclude that the structure and incidence of chondrocytic cilia don’t vary depending on species, regions within a joint, differing cell types, or age groups. This finding means there’s a substantial consistency in cilia across different variables that they tested.
Cite This Article
APA
Wilsman NJ, Farnum CE, Reed-Aksamit DK.
(1980).
Incidence and morphology of equine and murine chondrocytic cilia.
Anat Rec, 197(3), 355-361.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970309 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular / cytology
- Cartilage, Articular / ultrastructure
- Cilia / ultrastructure
- Female
- Femur
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Male
- Mice / anatomy & histology
- Microscopy, Electron
- Species Specificity
Grant Funding
- 1ROL-AM25282-01 / NIADDK NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- Zhou H, Wu S, Ling H, Zhang C, Kong Y. Primary Cilia: A Cellular Regulator of Articular Cartilage Degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022;2022:2560441.
- Barsch F, Niedermair T, Mamilos A, Schmitt VH, Grevenstein D, Babel M, Burgoyne T, Shoemark A, Brochhausen C. Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects of Primary Cilia-A Literature Review with View on Functional and Structural Relationships in Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jul 14;21(14).
- Croft JT, Zabeo D, Subramanian R, Höög JL. Composition, structure and function of the eukaryotic flagellum distal tip. Essays Biochem 2018 Dec 7;62(6):815-828.
- Sheffield ID, McGee MA, Glenn SJ, Baek DY, Coleman JM, Dorius BK, Williams C, Rose BJ, Sanchez AE, Goodman MA, Daines JM, Eggett DL, Sheffield VC, Suli A, Kooyman DL. Osteoarthritis-Like Changes in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Mutant Ciliopathy Mice (Bbs1(M390R/M390R)): Evidence for a Role of Primary Cilia in Cartilage Homeostasis and Regulation of Inflammation. Front Physiol 2018;9:708.
- Garcia G 3rd, Raleigh DR, Reiter JF. How the Ciliary Membrane Is Organized Inside-Out to Communicate Outside-In. Curr Biol 2018 Apr 23;28(8):R421-R434.
- Hwang SH, White KA, Somatilaka BN, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Mukhopadhyay S. The G protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 regulates forelimb formation, limb patterning and skeletal morphogenesis in a primary cilium-dependent manner. Development 2018 Jan 8;145(1).
- Garcia G 3rd, Reiter JF. A primer on the mouse basal body. Cilia 2016;5:17.
- Deren ME, Yang X, Guan Y, Chen Q. Biological and Chemical Removal of Primary Cilia Affects Mechanical Activation of Chondrogenesis Markers in Chondroprogenitors and Hypertrophic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016 Feb 4;17(2):188.
- Rais Y, Reich A, Simsa-Maziel S, Moshe M, Idelevich A, Kfir T, Miosge N, Monsonego-Ornan E. The growth plate's response to load is partially mediated by mechano-sensing via the chondrocytic primary cilium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015 Feb;72(3):597-615.
- Muhammad H, Rais Y, Miosge N, Ornan EM. The primary cilium as a dual sensor of mechanochemical signals in chondrocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012 Jul;69(13):2101-7.
- Farnum CE, Wilsman NJ. Axonemal positioning and orientation in three-dimensional space for primary cilia: what is known, what is assumed, and what needs clarification. Dev Dyn 2011 Nov;240(11):2405-31.
- Lotz MK, Otsuki S, Grogan SP, Sah R, Terkeltaub R, D'Lima D. Cartilage cell clusters. Arthritis Rheum 2010 Aug;62(8):2206-18.
- Donnelly E, Ascenzi MG, Farnum C. Primary cilia are highly oriented with respect to collagen direction and long axis of extensor tendon. J Orthop Res 2010 Jan;28(1):77-82.
- Kaushik AP, Martin JA, Zhang Q, Sheffield VC, Morcuende JA. Cartilage abnormalities associated with defects of chondrocytic primary cilia in Bardet-Biedl syndrome mutant mice. J Orthop Res 2009 Aug;27(8):1093-9.
- Haycraft CJ, Serra R. Cilia involvement in patterning and maintenance of the skeleton. Curr Top Dev Biol 2008;85:303-32.
- Song B, Haycraft CJ, Seo HS, Yoder BK, Serra R. Development of the post-natal growth plate requires intraflagellar transport proteins. Dev Biol 2007 May 1;305(1):202-16.
- Afzelius BA. Cilia-related diseases. J Pathol 2004 Nov;204(4):470-7.
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