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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Infection of the equine population by Leishmania parasites.
Equine veterinary journal2019; 52(1); 28-33; doi: 10.1111/evj.13178

Infection of the equine population by Leishmania parasites.

Abstract: Infection of equids by Leishmania (L.) parasites was previously described in both the Old and New World, particularly in Central and South America. Equine cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by the Leishmania species, L. Viannia (V.) braziliensis and L. infantum, previously identified in humans and other parasite hosts living in the same geographic endemic areas. Sporadic autochthonous clinical cases, with no travel history, were documented in several countries including Germany, Portugal, Spain, Texas and Brazil; L. infantum and L. (Mundinia) martiniquensis were the infectious species. Prevalence of subclinical infections is extremely low and CL is observed in only a small proportion of infected animals with the appearance of single or multiple cutaneous lesions located on the head, external ear, scrotum, legs and the neck. To date, there has been no report of visceral abnormalities. However, the mild clinical profile of the disease and its spontaneous regression may indicate that skin lesions related to Leishmania infection is underdiagnosed. Importantly, although the prevalence of Leishmania infections in the equine population is low, a risk may rise from its potential involvement in the parasite transmission cycles as a source of infection for phlebotomine vectors and susceptible mammalian hosts. This review article summarises our current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of Leishmania-infected equids.
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Publication Date: 2019-10-06 PubMed ID: 31498914DOI: 10.1111/evj.13178Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper details the infection of equus creatures by Leishmania parasites, with more attention given to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). It summarizes the current understanding of the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and diagnosis of Leishmania-infected equides to help understand their role in the transmission cycle of the parasite.

Overview of Leishmania Parasite Infection in Equids

  • The document focuses on an infectious parasite known as Leishmania (L.) that was previously recorded as infecting equids in both the Old and New World, with a higher prevalence in Central and South America.
  • Equine cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a specific form of the infection caused by Leishmania species, L. Viannia (V.) braziliensis, and L. infantum, has been discovered in humans and other hosts living within the same areas these creatures inhabit.

Geographical Spread and Infectious Species

  • The paper documents sporadic indigenous cases in countries such as Germany, Portugal, Spain, Texas (USA), and Brazil where the hosts had no history of international travel.
  • The species found to be causing the infections were L. infantum and L. (Mundinia) martiniquensis.

Prevalence and Clinical Presentation

  • The prevalence of non-symptomatic infections is extremely low, and CL is observed only in a small proportion of infected animals. When occurrences present, there are typically single or multiple skin lesions typically on the head, ears, scrotum, legs, and the neck.
  • No report of internal organ abnormalities related to the Leishmania infection was noted in the study.
  • The study indicates that the benign nature of the disease and its self-alleviating nature might be an indication that degrees of Leishmania infection could be much underdiagnosed.

Potential Impact to Public Health

  • Despite the Low prevalence of Leishmania infections in the equine population, there is an associated risk arising from their potential involvement in the parasite transmission cycles.
  • The equids could serve as a source of infection for insect carriers, in this case, the sandfly vectors, and susceptible mammalian hosts.

Purpose of the Review Paper

  • This document provided carries a comprehensive review of the existing knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of Leishmania infected equids in a bid to understand their role in the transmission cycle of the parasite.

Cite This Article

APA
Mhadhbi M, Sassi A. (2019). Infection of the equine population by Leishmania parasites. Equine Vet J, 52(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13178

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 28-33

Researcher Affiliations

Mhadhbi, M
  • Laboratory of Parasitology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.
Sassi, A
  • Laboratory of BioInformatics, BioMathematics and BioStatistics, LR16 IPT09, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Leishmania / isolation & purification
  • Leishmaniasis / epidemiology
  • Leishmaniasis / veterinary
  • Prevalence

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