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Home / Equine Research Bank / Emerg Microbes Infect / Infections of horses and shrews with Bornaviruses in Upper A...
Emerging microbes & infections2017; 6(6); e52; doi: 10.1038/emi.2017.36

Infections of horses and shrews with Bornaviruses in Upper Austria: a novel endemic area of Borna disease.

Abstract: Borna disease, a lethal infection with Borna disease virus-1 (BoDV-1), was diagnosed in four horses from Upper Austria in 2015 and 2016. All cases occurred in winter (two cases in February 2015 and two cases in December 2016), and the maximal distance of the affected stables was 17 km. To demonstrate whether the causative agent was also harbored by its reservoir host, the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon), 28 shrews from this geographic area were collected in 2015 and investigated for the presence of BoDV-1. The shrew species were identified according to taxonomic clues and molecular barcodes. Affected horses and all shrews were investigated using histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription PCR. The horses exhibited severe nonpurulent encephalitis. Large amounts of BoDV-1 antigen were identified in their CNS. Among the 28 shrews, nine were identified as C. leucodon and 13 as Sorex araneus (Common shrew; Eurasian shrew). Six C. leucodon (66.7%) and one S. araneus (7.7%) had BoDV-1 infections. In accordance with previous findings, the IHC of C. leucodon exhibited a high amount of viral antigen in many neural and extraneural tissues. By contrast, the single positive S. araneus had an exclusively neural staining pattern. Of all positive samples, whole-genome BoDV-1 sequences were generated. The acquired sequences of the affected shrews were not identical to each other and clustered around the sequences of the diseased horses belonging, surprisingly, to the German 'strain V' cluster.
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Publication Date: 2017-06-21 PubMed ID: 28634359PubMed Central: PMC5520313DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.36Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study analyzed a surge in Bornaviruses infections among horses and shrews in Upper Austria, marking a new endemic area for Borna disease. The study and its results provided evidence that the disease, which is lethal for horses, is also carried by the bicoloured white-toothed shrew—an animal considered as the main reservoir for the virus.

Methodology and Observations

  • The study started when Borna disease was diagnosed in four horses from Upper Austria, two in February 2015, and two in December 2016.
  • All the horses displayed symptoms of severe, nonpurulent encephalitis, and large quantities of Borna disease virus-1 (BoDV-1) antigen were found in their central nervous system (CNS).
  • Twenty-eight shrews from the affected area were collected and examined for the BoDV-1 virus. The shrews were identified based on taxonomic cues and molecular barcoding.
  • Of the 28 shrews, nine were identified as Crocidura leucodon (bicolored white-toothed shrew) and 13 as Sorex araneus (common or Eurasian shrew).
  • Of these, six C. leucodon (66.7%) and one S. araneus (7.7%) were found to be infected with BoDV-1.

Findings and Conclusions

  • The researchers analyzed the infected shrews and horses by using histology, IHC, and reverse transcription PCR techniques.
  • The researchers found that the IHC of C.leucodon shrews demonstrated a large amount of viral antigen in many neural and extraneural tissues. This aligned with earlier research.
  • The one infected S. araneus, however, displayed a purely neural staining pattern, suggesting a different infection pattern or physiological response to the virus.
  • To further the study, whole-genome sequences of BoDV-1 from all positive samples were generated.
  • The study found that the sequences from the infected shrews were not identical to each other. Instead, they closely resembled the sequences of the diseased horses.
  • Interestingly, the sequences found belonged to a strain of BoDV-1 known as ‘strain V’, previously associated with German cases.
  • This showed that the white-toothed shrew was not only a reservoir for the virus but could also contribute to disease transmission.
  • The study, therefore, significantly advances the understanding of Borna disease and its transmission dynamics, particularly in new endemic regions like Upper Austria.

Cite This Article

APA
Weissenböck H, Bagó Z, Kolodziejek J, Hager B, Palmetzhofer G, Dürrwald R, Nowotny N. (2017). Infections of horses and shrews with Bornaviruses in Upper Austria: a novel endemic area of Borna disease. Emerg Microbes Infect, 6(6), e52. https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2017.36

Publication

Emerging microbes & infections
ISSN: 2222-1751
NlmUniqueID: 101594885
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Pages: e52

Researcher Affiliations

Weissenböck, Herbert
  • Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna A-1210, Austria.
Bagó, Zoltán
  • Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Mödling A-2340, Austria.
Kolodziejek, Jolanta
  • Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna A-1210, Austria.
Hager, Barbara
  • Veterinary Practice St. Agatha, St. Agatha A-4084, Austria.
Palmetzhofer, Günter
  • Veterinary Practice Hartkirchen, Hartkirchen 4081, Austria.
Dürrwald, Ralf
  • Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna A-1210, Austria.
Nowotny, Norbert
  • Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna A-1210, Austria.
  • Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Austria / epidemiology
  • Borna Disease / complications
  • Borna Disease / epidemiology
  • Borna Disease / pathology
  • Borna Disease / virology
  • Borna disease virus / genetics
  • Borna disease virus / isolation & purification
  • Disease Reservoirs / veterinary
  • Disease Reservoirs / virology
  • Encephalitis, Viral / epidemiology
  • Encephalitis, Viral / etiology
  • Encephalitis, Viral / veterinary
  • Endemic Diseases / veterinary
  • Horses
  • Phylogeny
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Shrews / virology

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