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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2018; 32(4); 1420-1427; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15138

Insulin dysregulation in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Abstract: Systemic inflammation is a cause of insulin dysregulation in many species, but the insulin and glucose dynamics in adult horses diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are poorly documented. Objective: In SIRS in horses, insulin and glucose dynamics will be altered and associated with survival. Methods: Adult horses diagnosed with SIRS admitted to a referral hospital. Methods: Prospective study enrolling horses diagnosed with SIRS in which serum insulin and glucose concentrations were measured. Horses were grouped by outcome (survival, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia) and compared with P < .05 considered significant. Results: Fifty-eight horses were included in the study and 36 (62%) survived. At admission, 21 horses (36%) were hyperinsulinemic and 44 horses (88%) were hyperglycemic, with survivors having significantly higher serum insulin and a significantly lower serum glucose concentration. Horses diagnosed with hyperinsulinemia at any time during hospitalization were 4 times more likely to survive whereas horses that were hyperglycemic at any time during hospitalization were 5 times less likely to survive. Serum glucose concentration and presence of hyperglycemia both were associated with severity of disease. Insulin/glucose ratio, reflecting insulin secretion, was significantly higher in survivors whereas glucose/insulin ratio, reflecting peripheral tissue insulin resistance, was significantly lower in nonsurvivors. Only in survivors was there a significant correlation between serum insulin and glucose concentrations. Conclusions: Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia are common features of SIRS in horses, but those presenting with relative hypoinsulinemia and corresponding hyperglycemia suggestive of endocrine pancreatic dysfunction have a worse prognosis.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2018-05-10 PubMed ID: 29749643PubMed Central: PMC6060318DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15138Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the effect of systemic inflammation on insulin and glucose regulation in horses, highlighting significant correlations with survival rates.

Objective and Methods

  • With systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) being a cause of insulin dysregulation in many animals, the paper sought to better understand how it affects adult horses. It hypothesized that alterations in insulin and glucose dynamics are linked with survival chances.
  • For this prospective study, adult horses diagnosed with SIRS were admitted to a referral hospital. The horses’ serum insulin and glucose concentrations were measured and they were grouped based on outcome (whether they survived, and whether they experienced hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia).

Results

  • A total of 58 horses were involved in the study, with a survival rate of around 62% (36 horses). Upon admission, 36% (21 horses) were hyperinsulinemic and 76% (44 horses) were hyperglycemic.
  • Interestingly, the survivors had significantly higher serum insulin and significantly lower serum glucose concentrations. This indicated that horses which were diagnosed with hyperinsulinemia at any point during their hospitalization were 4 times more likely to survive, whilst those that were hyperglycemic at any point were 5 times less likely to survive.
  • The study found significant links between serum glucose concentration and the presence of hyperglycemia with the severity of the disease. The insulin/glucose ratio, which indicates insulin secretion, was higher in survivors, while the glucose/insulin ratio, a measure of peripheral tissue insulin resistance, was lower in nonsurvivors. This correlation between serum insulin and glucose concentrations was only found in the surviving horses.

Conclusion

  • Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were found to be common in horses with SIRS. However, those with relative hypoinsulinemia and corresponding hyperglycemia, implying endocrine pancreatic dysfunction, had a worse prognosis. The research thus suggests that managing insulin and glucose levels could have implications for the treatment and survival of horses diagnosed with SIRS.

Cite This Article

APA
Bertin FR, Ruffin-Taylor D, Stewart AJ. (2018). Insulin dysregulation in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Intern Med, 32(4), 1420-1427. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15138

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Pages: 1420-1427

Researcher Affiliations

Bertin, François-René
  • School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
Ruffin-Taylor, Debra
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
Stewart, Allison Jean
  • School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / mortality
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horses
  • Hyperglycemia / etiology
  • Hyperglycemia / veterinary
  • Hyperinsulinism / etiology
  • Hyperinsulinism / veterinary
  • Insulin / blood
  • Male
  • Prospective Studies
  • Survival Analysis
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / blood
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / complications
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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  2. Kritchevsky JE, Muir GS, Leschke DHZ, Hodgson JK, Hess EK, Bertin FR. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations after alpha-2-agonists administration in horses with and without insulin dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):902-908.
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