FREE SHIPPING over $40
Horse Supplements USA English
Horse Supplements Canada EnglishSuppléments Équins Canada French
My Account
View Cart My Horses Track Orders Account Details My Subscriptions Update Address Payment Methods
Register/Login
0
Home/Equine Research Bank/Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract/Equine metabolic syndrome.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice2011; 27(1); 73-92; doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.12.004

Equine metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: The concept of an equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) was first proposed in 2002. This concept has developed over time, and EMS was recently described in a consensus statement released by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. In human medicine, metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a set of risk factors that predict the risk of cardiovascular disease, including obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, and hypertension. EMS shares some of the features of MetS, including increased adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, IR, but differs in that laminitis is the primary disease of interest.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2011-03-12 PubMed ID: 21392655DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.12.004Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedIn
  • Journal Article
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), a condition which was first identified in 2002, sharing similar attributes with human Metabolic Syndrome such as obesity, insulin resistance and increased body fat, with a focus on the equine disease laminitis.

Overview of the Research Article

This research article was originally aimed at discussing the concept of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), which was primarily suggested in 2002. The concept has gradually evolved over time and recently described in a consensus statement by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Like in human medicine, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) refers to a group of risk factors that have the potential to result in cardiovascular disease.

  • Such risk factors encompass obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, and hypertension.
  • The author of the article however points out that EMS in horses shares some features with human MetS, including increased fatness, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance.
  • Nonetheless, the primary difference between EMS and human MetS is that the major disease of concern in EMS is laminitis.

Concept of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)

The author explains that the concept of EMS was first proposed in 2002 to describe a set of risk factors observed in horses.

  • The risk factors include obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance.
  • Since the proposal, the concept has evolved and become established, as confirmed in a consensus statement from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
  • EMS in horses has been compared to the Metabolic Syndrome found in humans due to the similarity in risk factors, particularly those relating to cardiovascular disease.

Characteristics of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)

The article also outlines the characteristics and symptoms of EMS in horses.

  • The main symptoms shared between EMS and human MetS include increased adiposity (fatness), hyperinsulinemia (excess levels of insulin in the blood), and insulin resistance.
  • The most crucial distinguishing factor between human MetS and EMS is the prominence of the disease laminitis in horses affected by EMS.
  • Laminitis is a severe and painful condition affecting the hooves of horses, leading to lameness and, in severe cases, euthanasia.

Cite This Article

APA
Frank N. (2011). Equine metabolic syndrome. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 27(1), 73-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2010.12.004

Publication

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice
ISSN: 1558-4224
NlmUniqueID: 8511904
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Pages: 73-92

Researcher Affiliations

Frank, Nicholas
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. nfrank@utk.edu

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Breeding
  • Diet, Reducing / veterinary
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Lameness, Animal / diagnosis
  • Lameness, Animal / etiology
  • Lameness, Animal / metabolism
  • Lameness, Animal / therapy
  • Male
  • Metabolic Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Metabolic Syndrome / metabolism
  • Metabolic Syndrome / therapy
  • Metabolic Syndrome / veterinary
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / metabolism
  • Obesity / therapy
  • Obesity / veterinary

Citations

This article has been cited 33 times.
  1. Hallman I, Karikoski N, Kareskoski M. The effects of obesity and insulin dysregulation on mare reproduction, pregnancy, and foal health: a review.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1180622.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1180622pubmed: 37152686google scholar: lookup
  2. Bourebaba L, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Pielok A, Sikora M, Mularczyk M, Marycz K. The PTP1B inhibitor MSI-1436 ameliorates liver insulin sensitivity by modulating autophagy, ER stress and systemic inflammation in Equine metabolic syndrome affected horses.. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1149610.
    doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149610pubmed: 37020593google scholar: lookup
  3. Marycz K, Bourebaba N, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Mularczyk M, Galuppo L, Bourebaba L. In Vitro Generated Equine Hepatic-Like Progenitor Cells as a Novel Potent Cell Pool for Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Treatment.. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023 May;19(4):1124-1134.
    doi: 10.1007/s12015-023-10507-3pubmed: 36658383google scholar: lookup
  4. Goodrich EL, Behling-Kelly E. Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Donkeys from Death Valley Compared to a Sampling of Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Oct 13;12(20).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12202746pubmed: 36290132google scholar: lookup
  5. Stefanovski D, Robinson MA, Van Eps A. Effect of a GLP-1 mimetic on the insulin response to oral sugar testing in horses.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jul 29;18(1):294.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03394-2pubmed: 35906619google scholar: lookup
  6. Potter SJ, Bamford NJ, Baskerville CL, Harris PA, Bailey SR. Comparison of Feed Digestibility between Ponies, Standardbreds and Andalusian Horses Fed Three Different Diets.. Vet Sci 2021 Dec 31;9(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9010015pubmed: 35051099google scholar: lookup
  7. Fuentes-Romero B, Muu00f1oz-Prieto A, Ceru00f3n JJ, Martu00edn-Cuervo M, Iglesias-Garcu00eda M, Aguilera-Tejero E, Du00edez-Castro E. Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Dec 30;12(1).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12010077pubmed: 35011183google scholar: lookup
  8. Daradics Z, Crecan CM, Rus MA, Morar IA, Mircean MV, Cu0103toi AF, Cecan AD, Cu0103toi C. Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in Dairy Cows and Horses: Comparison to Human Metabolic Syndrome.. Life (Basel) 2021 Dec 16;11(12).
    doi: 10.3390/life11121406pubmed: 34947937google scholar: lookup
  9. Vasco ACCM, Brinkley-Bissinger KJ, Bobel JM, Dubeux JCB, Warren LK, Wickens CL. Digestibility and nitrogen and water balance in horses fed rhizoma peanut hay.. J Anim Sci 2021 Nov 1;99(11).
    doi: 10.1093/jas/skab284pubmed: 34634110google scholar: lookup
  10. Gehlen H, Schwarz B, Bartmann C, Gernhardt J, Stu00f6ckle SD. Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome in Donkeys.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 8;10(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10122335pubmed: 33302557google scholar: lookup
  11. Patterson Rosa L, Mallicote MF, Long MT, Brooks SA. Metabogenomics reveals four candidate regions involved in the pathophysiology of Equine Metabolic Syndrome.. Mol Cell Probes 2020 Oct;53:101620.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101620pubmed: 32659253google scholar: lookup
  12. Box JR, McGowan CM, Raekallio MR, Mykku00e4nen AK, Carslake H, Karikoski NP. Insulin dysregulation in a population of Finnhorses and associated phenotypic markers of obesity.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Jul;34(4):1599-1605.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15782pubmed: 32557899google scholar: lookup
  13. Rings LM, Swink JM, Dunbar LK, Burns TA, Toribio RE. Enteroinsular axis response to carbohydrates and fasting in healthy newborn foals.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Nov;33(6):2752-2764.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15641pubmed: 31664736google scholar: lookup
  14. Fitzgerald DM, Anderson ST, Sillence MN, de Laat MA. The cresty neck score is an independent predictor of insulin dysregulation in ponies.. PLoS One 2019;14(7):e0220203.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220203pubmed: 31339945google scholar: lookup
  15. Moser K, Banse H. Comparison of the glucose and insulin responses of horses to 2 formulations of corn syrup.. Can Vet J 2019 Jun;60(6):637-643.
    pubmed: 31156265
  16. Durham AE, Frank N, McGowan CM, Menzies-Gow NJ, Roelfsema E, Vervuert I, Feige K, Fey K. ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Mar;33(2):335-349.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15423pubmed: 30724412google scholar: lookup
  17. Cassimeris L, Engiles JB, Galantino-Homer H. Detection of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in naturally-occurring endocrinopathic equine laminitis.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Jan 10;15(1):24.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1748-xpubmed: 30630474google scholar: lookup
  18. Kornicka K, u015amieszek A, Szu0142apka-Kosarzewska J, Irwin Houston JM, Roecken M, Marycz K. Characterization of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Islets Cells and Intestinal Epithelial Cells Isolated from Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Horses.. Int J Mol Sci 2018 Oct 8;19(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms19103068pubmed: 30297648google scholar: lookup
  19. Spelta CW. Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current perspectives on diagnosis and management.. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015;6:293-300.
    doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S74191pubmed: 30101114google scholar: lookup
  20. Lewis SL, Holl HM, Long MT, Mallicote MF, Brooks SA. Use of principle component analysis to quantitatively score the equine metabolic syndrome phenotype in an Arabian horse population.. PLoS One 2018;13(7):e0200583.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200583pubmed: 30001422google scholar: lookup
  21. Bertin FR, Ruffin-Taylor D, Stewart AJ. Insulin dysregulation in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Jul;32(4):1420-1427.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15138pubmed: 29749643google scholar: lookup
  22. Warnken T, Delarocque J, Schumacher S, Huber K, Feige K. Retrospective analysis of insulin responses to standard dosed oral glucose tests (OGTs) via naso-gastric tubing towards definition of an objective cut-off value.. Acta Vet Scand 2018 Jan 19;60(1):4.
    doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0358-8pubmed: 29351765google scholar: lookup
  23. Nawrocka D, Kornicka K, u015amieszek A, Marycz K. Spirulina platensis Improves Mitochondrial Function Impaired by Elevated Oxidative Stress in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (ASCs) and Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs), and Enhances Insulin Sensitivity in Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Horses.. Mar Drugs 2017 Aug 3;15(8).
    doi: 10.3390/md15080237pubmed: 28771165google scholar: lookup
  24. Jansson A, Stu00e9fansdu00f3ttir GJ, Ragnarsson S. Plasma insulin concentration increases linearly with body condition in Icelandic horses.. Acta Vet Scand 2016 Nov 9;58(1):76.
    doi: 10.1186/s13028-016-0258-8pubmed: 27829433google scholar: lookup
  25. Lindu00e5se S, Nostell K, Bru00f6jer J. A modified oral sugar test for evaluation of insulin and glucose dynamics in horses.. Acta Vet Scand 2016 Oct 20;58(Suppl 1):64.
    doi: 10.1186/s13028-016-0246-zpubmed: 27766982google scholar: lookup
  26. Bertin FR, Taylor SD, Bianco AW, Sojka-Kritchevsky JE. The Effect of Fasting Duration on Baseline Blood Glucose Concentration, Blood Insulin Concentration, Glucose/Insulin Ratio, Oral Sugar Test, and Insulin Response Test Results in Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Sep;30(5):1726-1731.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.14529pubmed: 27481572google scholar: lookup
  27. Dunbar LK, Mielnicki KA, Dembek KA, Toribio RE, Burns TA. Evaluation of Four Diagnostic Tests for Insulin Dysregulation in Adult Light-Breed Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 May;30(3):885-91.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.13934pubmed: 27013065google scholar: lookup
  28. Hart KA, Wochele DM, Norton NA, McFarlane D, Wooldridge AA, Frank N. Effect of Age, Season, Body Condition, and Endocrine Status on Serum Free Cortisol Fraction and Insulin Concentration in Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Mar-Apr;30(2):653-63.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.13839pubmed: 26860336google scholar: lookup
  29. Marycz K, Kornicka K, Basinska K, Czyrek A. Equine Metabolic Syndrome Affects Viability, Senescence, and Stress Factors of Equine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells: New Insight into EqASCs Isolated from EMS Horses in the Context of Their Aging.. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016;2016:4710326.
    doi: 10.1155/2016/4710326pubmed: 26682006google scholar: lookup
  30. Basinska K, Marycz K, u015aieszek A, Nicpou0144 J. The production and distribution of IL-6 and TNF-a in subcutaneous adipose tissue and their correlation with serum concentrations in Welsh ponies with equine metabolic syndrome.. J Vet Sci 2015;16(1):113-20.
    doi: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.113pubmed: 25269712google scholar: lookup
  31. de Laat MA, Gruntmeir KJ, Pollitt CC, McGowan CM, Sillence MN, Lacombe VA. Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart.. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014;5:120.
    doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00120pubmed: 25101057google scholar: lookup
  32. Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron JJ, Holden SL, Cuthbertson DJ, Biourge V, Morris PJ, German AJ. Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in dogs: a comparison with human metabolic syndrome.. BMC Vet Res 2012 Aug 28;8:147.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-147pubmed: 22929809google scholar: lookup
  33. Johnson PJ, Wiedmeyer CE, LaCarrubba A, Ganjam VK, Messer NT 4th. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in horses.. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012 May 1;6(3):534-40.
    doi: 10.1177/193229681200600307pubmed: 22768883google scholar: lookup

Secure Payments

PayPal Visa Mastercard American Express

Satisfaction Guarantee

We offer a 60-day guarantee to ensure you are completely satisfied.

Fast & Free Shipping

We provide fast and free shipping on all orders over $40.

Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists