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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Inter- and intrabreed diversity of the major histocompatibil...
PloS one2020; 15(2); e0228658; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228658

Inter- and intrabreed diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in primitive and draft horse breeds.

Abstract: Polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes ensures effective immune responses against a wide array of pathogens. However, artificial selection, as performed in the case of domestic animals, may influence MHC diversity. Here, we investigate and compare the MHC diversity of three populations of horses, for which different breeding policies were applied, to evaluate the impact of artificial selection and the environment on MHC polymorphism. Samples of DNA were taken from 100 Polish draft horses, 38 stabled Konik Polski horses and 32 semiferal Konik Polski horses. MHC alleles and haplotype diversity within and between these populations of horses was estimated from 11 MHC microsatellite loci. MHC diversity measured based on allelic richness, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism content was similar across the MHC microsatellite loci in all three populations. The highest expected heterozygosity was detected in semiferal primitive horses (He = 0.74), while the lowest was calculated for draft horses (He = 0.65). In total, 203 haplotypes were determined (111 in Polish draft horses, 43 in semiferal Konik Polski horses and 49 in stabled Konik Polski horses), and four haplotypes were shared between the two populations of Koniks. None of these haplotypes were present in any of the previously investigated horse breeds. Intra-MHC recombination events were detected in all three populations. However, the population of semiferal Konik horses showed the highest recombination frequency among the three horse populations. In addition, three recombination events were detected. These results showed that despite the different breeding policies, the MHC allele and haplotype diversity was similarly high in all three horse populations. Nevertheless, the proportion of new haplotypes in the offspring was the highest in semiferal Konik Polski horses, which indicates the influence of the environment on MHC diversity in horses. Thus, we speculate that the genetic makeup of the domestic horse MHC might be more strongly influenced by the environment than by artificial selection. Moreover, intra-MHC conversion, insertion, and deletion and intra-MHC recombination may be proposed as mechanisms underlying the generation of new MHC haplotypes in horses.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-03 PubMed ID: 32012208PubMed Central: PMC6996847DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228658Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene in three horse populations and how artificial selection and environment influence this diversity. The study discovered the diversity is comparably high across all three horse populations, although new haplotype proportions were most noticeable in semiferal Konik Polski horses, suggesting the environment’s impact on MHC diversity in horses.

Introduction

The research focuses on the study of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and their diversity in a selection of three horse populations: Polish draft horses, stabled Konik Polski horses and semi-feral Konik Polski horses. The MHC plays a vital role in a species’ immune response to a wide variety of pathogens, and its diversity is thus of great importance for health and survival. However, this diversity can be influenced by factors such as artificial selection practices in domesticated animals.

Methodology

The scientists started by extracting DNA samples from the three different horse populations. From these samples, MHC alleles and haplotype diversity was determined via analysis of 11 MHC microsatellite loci.

  • The Polish draft horses made up the largest sample size, with DNA sampled from 100 horses.
  • The stabled Konik Polski horses and the semi-feral Konik Polski horses had smaller sample sizes of 38 and 32 individuals respectively.

Findings

The diversity of MHC measured based on allelic richness, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity was found to be similar across the MHC microsatellite loci in all three populations of horses. An interesting discovery was that the highest expected heterozygosity was detected in the semi-feral primitive horse population, while the lowest was calculated for the draft horses.

In the examination of haplotypes, a total of 203 different haplotypes were found:

  • 111 in the Polish draft horses,
  • 43 in the semi-feral Konik Polski horses, and
  • 49 in the stabled Konik Polski horses.

Four haplotypes were shared between both the Konik populations but were exclusive to these populations and not found in previous investigations on other horse breeds.

Conclusion

The study concludes that while the three horse populations had diverse MHC allele and haplotype diversity, the semi-feral Konik Polski horses demonstrated the highest frequency of recombination and the most prevalent generation of new haplotypes. These results imply that the environmental factors might have had a higher influence on the genetic makeup of the horse’s MHC than artificial selection. The underlying mechanism for the generation of new MHC haplotypes was proposed to be intra-MHC conversion, insertion, deletion, and recombination.

Cite This Article

APA
Jaworska J, Ropka-Molik K, Wocławek-Potocka I, Siemieniuch M. (2020). Inter- and intrabreed diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in primitive and draft horse breeds. PLoS One, 15(2), e0228658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228658

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Pages: e0228658
PII: e0228658

Researcher Affiliations

Jaworska, Joanna
  • Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna
  • Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
Wocławek-Potocka, Izabela
  • Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
Siemieniuch, Marta
  • Research Station of the Institute of Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Popielno, Ruciane-Nida, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Haplotypes
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / genetics
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / genetics
  • Horses / genetics
  • Inbreeding
  • Male
  • Microsatellite Repeats
  • Polymorphism, Genetic
  • Recombination, Genetic

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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