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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Intra-arterial versus intra venous contrast-enhanced compute...
BMC veterinary research2016; 12; 6; doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0632-9

Intra-arterial versus intra venous contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the equine head.

Abstract: The anatomical complexity of the horse's head limits the abilities of radiography. Computed tomography (CT) in combination with contrast enhanced CT is used more often for diagnosing various head pathology in horses. The objective of this study was to compare intravenous and intra-arterial contrast-enhancement techniques and describe normal and abnormal contrast enhancement in the horse's head. Results: All 24 horses included in the study recovered without complication from the procedures. Compared to the pre-contrast studies, post-contrast studies showed significant contrast enhancement in the pituitary gland (IA: p < 0.0001; IV: p < 0.0001), IA nose septum (p = 0.002), nose mucosa (IA: p < 0.0001; IV: p = 0.02), parotid salivary gland (IA: p < 0.0001; IV p < 0.0001), cerebrum (IA: p < 0.0001; IV: p < 0.0001), rectus capitis muscle (IA: p < 0.0001; IV p = 0.001), IA temporal muscle (p < 0.0001), IA masseter muscle (p <0.0001) and IV brainstem (p = 0.01). No significant contrast enhancement was seen in the eye (IA: p = 0.23; IV p = 0.33), tongue (IA p = 0.2; IV p = 0.57), IA brainstem (p = 0.88), IV nose septum (p = 0.26), IV temporal muscle (p = 0.09) and IV masseter muscle (p = 0.46). Three different categories of abnormal enhancement were detected: a strong vascularised mass, an enhanced rim surrounding an unenhanced structure and an inflamed anatomical structure with abnormal contrast enhancement. Conclusions: Using the intra-arterial technique, similar contrast enhancement is achieved using less contrast medium compared to the intravenous technique. And a potential major advantage of the IA technique is the ability to evaluate lesions that are characterized by increased blood flow. Using the intravenous technique, a symmetrical and homogenous enhancement is achieved, however timing is more crucial and the contrast dosage is more of influence in the IV protocol. And a potential major advantage of the IV technique is the ability to evaluate lesions that are characterized by increased vascular permeability. Knowing the different normal contrast enhancement patterns will facilitate the recognition of abnormal contrast enhancements.
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Publication Date: 2016-01-07 PubMed ID: 26739315PubMed Central: PMC4704255DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0632-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study examines and compares the effectiveness of intravenous and intra-arterial contrast-enhancement techniques in performing computed tomography (CT) scans of a horse’s head. The research found that both methods showed a significant increase in contrast within different parts of the horse’s head after the procedure. It also established that the intra-arterial technique required less contrast medium than the intravenous technique, while still delivering similar results.

Study Design and Participants

  • The study involved 24 horses, all of whom recovered well from the procedures conducted.
  • This research aimed to investigate if there were differences between intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial (IA) contrast enhancement techniques in diagnosing various horse head pathologies.
  • The CT images obtained post-contrast application were compared to pre-contrast images to determine the level of enhancement achieved.

Procedure Results

  • Several areas of the horse’s head showed significant contrast enhancement after both IA and IV procedures, such as the pituitary gland, nose mucosa, parotid salivary gland, and cerebrum.
  • Some areas, including the nose septum, rectus capitis muscle, temporal muscle, and masseter muscle, only showed enhancement after the IA procedure. Only the brain stem showed enhancement after the IV procedure.
  • No significant contrast enhancement was observed in the eye, tongue, brainstem, nose septum, temporal muscle, or masseter muscle, after either procedure.

Identifying Abnormal Enhancements

  • Three categories of abnormal enhancements were identified: a highly vascularized mass, an enhanced rim around a non-enhanced structure, and an inflamed anatomical structure showing abnormal contrast enhancement.
  • Identifying these normal contrast enhancement patterns can help recognize abnormalities in enhancement, potentially aiding in diagnosis.

Comparing Intra-arterial and Intravenous Techniques

  • The intra-arterial technique is beneficial as it requires less contrast medium than the intravenous technique for similar contrast enhancement. This method could evaluate lesions characterized by high blood flow better.
  • However, the intravenous technique provides symmetrical and homogeneous enhancement, although timing is crucial, and the contrast dosage impacts the results more significantly. It is potentially more effective at evaluating lesions characterized by increased vascular permeability.

Cite This Article

APA
Crijns CP, Baeumlin Y, De Rycke L, Broeckx BJ, Vlaminck L, Bergman EH, van Bree H, Gielen I. (2016). Intra-arterial versus intra venous contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the equine head. BMC Vet Res, 12, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0632-9

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 6
PII: 6

Researcher Affiliations

Crijns, Casper P
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium. caspercrijns@me.com.
Baeumlin, Yseult
  • Tierärztliches Überweisungszentrum, Tenniken, Switzerland. y.baeumlin@gmail.com.
De Rycke, Lieve
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium. lieve.derycke@ugent.be.
Broeckx, Bart J G
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. bart.broeckx@ugent.be.
Vlaminck, Lieven
  • Surgery and anaesthesiology of large animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. lieven.vlaminck@ugent.be.
Bergman, Erik H J
  • Lingehoeve Diergeneeskunde, Lienden, Netherlands. hjbergman@me.com.
van Bree, Henri
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium. henri.vanbree@ugent.be.
Gielen, Ingrid
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium. ingrid.gielen@ugent.be.

MeSH Terms

  • Administration, Intravenous
  • Animals
  • Contrast Media / administration & dosage
  • Head / anatomy & histology
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • Injections, Intra-Arterial
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Stieger-Vanegas SM, Hanna AL. The Role of Computed Tomography in Imaging Non-neurologic Disorders of the Head in Equine Patients.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:798216.
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  2. Kozłowska N, Wierzbicka M, Jasiński T, Domino M. Advances in the Diagnosis of Equine Respiratory Diseases: A Review of Novel Imaging and Functional Techniques.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 4;12(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12030381pubmed: 35158704google scholar: lookup
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