FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Intragastric pH of foals admitted to the intensive care unit...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2020; 34(6); 2719-2726; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15888

Intragastric pH of foals admitted to the intensive care unit.

Abstract: Intragastric pH profiles of neonatal foals admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remain poorly characterized. Objective: To determine intragastric pH profiles and clinical parameters associated with intragastric pH in foals admitted to the ICU. Methods: Forty-two neonatal foals admitted to the ICU and requiring placement of an indwelling nasogastric tube for nutritional management were included. Methods: Intragastric pH was measured for 24 hours from the time of admission. Mean pH, % time pH 4 were determined for each foal. History, clinical findings, and clinicopathological data recorded at the time of presentation were collected. Results: The mean pH of included foals was 5.5 ± 1.8. The median % time pH <4 was 6.3% (range: 0-99). A history of placentitis was associated with greater mean pH (median 5.3 (range: 0.9-7.8) versus median 7.2 (5.9-11.3); P = .002) and less % time pH <4 (median 13 (0-99.6) versus median 0.1 (0-7.2); P = .01). Foals with diarrhea had a greater % time pH 4 for >50% recording time had a lower PaO (mean difference 25.0 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.4-35.6; P = .03) and higher PaCO (mean difference 14.9 mm Hg; 95% CI, 4.7-25.2; P = .02). Surviving foals had a lower mean median hourly pH (P = .02). Conclusions: Intragastric pH profiles were unpredictable and mostly >4 for >80% of the recording time. This study does not support the indiscriminate administration of acid suppressive treatment.
© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-09-29 PubMed ID: 32990384PubMed Central: PMC7694801DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15888Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examined the intragastric pH levels of neonatal foals under intensive care and identified a lack of predictability in these levels, suggesting limited effectiveness of acid suppressive treatment in these cases.

Research Overview

  • The study aimed to determine intragastric pH profiles and potential clinical factors connected to intragastric pH in neonatal foals admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).
  • The sample consisted of 42 neonatal foals that required the placement of an indwelling nasogastric tube for nutritional management.

Methodology

  • Intragastric pH was measured for a period of 24 hours starting from the time of admission.
  • Variables such as mean pH, percentage of time pH was less than 4, and percentage of time pH was greater than 4 were calculated for each foal.
  • Additional data such as medical history, clinical findings and clinicopathological data presented at the time of admission were also collected.

Results

  • The mean pH of the foals was recorded as 5.5 ± 1.8.
  • The median percentage of time the pH was less than 4 was determined to be 6.3%, with a range of 0-99.
  • It was observed that a medical history of placentitis was connected with a higher mean pH and less percentage of time with pH under 4.
  • Foals experiencing diarrhea had a greater percentage of time with pH less than 4.
  • Foals with a pH greater than 4 for over 50% of recording time had lower arterial oxygen pressure (PaO) and higher arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO).
  • Surviving foals exhibited a lower mean median hourly pH.

Conclusions

  • Intragastric pH profiles of neonatal foals in ICU were found to be largely unpredictable and were mostly above 4 for more than 80% of the recording period.
  • This unpredictability does not support the indiscriminate administration of acid suppressive treatment for neonatal foals in ICU.

Cite This Article

APA
Wise JC, Raidal SL, Wilkes EJA, Hughes KJ. (2020). Intragastric pH of foals admitted to the intensive care unit. J Vet Intern Med, 34(6), 2719-2726. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15888

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 34
Issue: 6
Pages: 2719-2726

Researcher Affiliations

Wise, Jessica C
  • Veterinary Clinical Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Raidal, Sharanne L
  • Veterinary Clinical Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Wilkes, Edwina J A
  • Veterinary Clinical Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Hughes, Kristopher J
  • Veterinary Clinical Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Hospitalization
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Intensive Care Units

Conflict of Interest Statement

Kristopher J. Hughes serves as Associate Editor for the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. He was not involved in review of this manuscript. OFF‐LABEL ANTIMICROBIAL DECLARATION: Authors declare no off‐label use of antimicrobials. INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL CARE AND USE COMMITTEE (IACUC) OR OTHER APPROVAL DECLARATION: Authors declare no IACUC or other approval was needed. HUMAN ETHICS APPROVAL DECLARATION: Authors declare human ethics approval was not needed for this study.

References

This article includes 20 references
  1. Andrews FM, Nadeau JA. Clinical syndromes of gastric ulceration in foals and mature horses.. Equine Vet J Suppl 1999 Apr;(29):30-3.
    pubmed: 10696290doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05165.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  2. Murray MJ, Murray CM, Sweeney HJ, Weld J, Digby NJ, Stoneham SJ. Prevalence of gastric lesions in foals without signs of gastric disease: an endoscopic survey.. Equine Vet J 1990 Jan;22(1):6-8.
    pubmed: 2298194doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04193.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  3. Elfenbein JR, Sanchez LC. Prevalence of gastric and duodenal ulceration in 691 nonsurviving foals (1995-2006).. Equine Vet J Suppl 2012 Feb;(41):76-9.
    pubmed: 22594031doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00449.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  4. Sanchez LC, Lester GD, Merritt AM. Intragastric pH in critically ill neonatal foals and the effect of ranitidine.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001 Mar 15;218(6):907-11.
    pubmed: 11294316doi: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.907google scholar: lookup
  5. Barr BS, Wilkins P, Del Piero F. Is prophylaxis for gastric ulcers necessary in critically ill equine neonates? A retrospective study of necropsy cases 1989‐1999.. J Vet Intern Med 2000;14:328.
  6. Furr M, Cohen ND, Axon JE, Sanchez LC, Pantaleon L, Haggett E, Campbell R, Tennent-Brown B. Treatment with histamine-type 2 receptor antagonists and omeprazole increase the risk of diarrhoea in neonatal foals treated in intensive care units.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2012 Feb;(41):80-6.
    pubmed: 22594032doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00499.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  7. Javsicas LH, Sanchez LC. The effect of omeprazole paste on intragastric pH in clinically ill neonatal foals.. Equine Vet J 2008 Jan;40(1):41-4.
    pubmed: 18083658doi: 10.2746/042516407x235803google scholar: lookup
  8. Dinsmore JE, Jackson RJ, Smith SD. The protective role of gastric acidity in neonatal bacterial translocation.. J Pediatr Surg 1997 Jul;32(7):1014-6.
    pubmed: 9247224doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(97)90389-4google scholar: lookup
  9. Bell NJ, Burget D, Howden CW, Wilkinson J, Hunt RH. Appropriate acid suppression for the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.. Digestion 1992;51 Suppl 1:59-67.
    pubmed: 1397746doi: 10.1159/000200917google scholar: lookup
  10. McClure SR, White GW, Sifferman RL, Bernard W, Hughes FE, Holste JE, Fleishman C, Alva R, Cramer LG. Efficacy of omeprazole paste for prevention of recurrence of gastric ulcers in horses in race training.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005 May 15;226(10):1685-8.
    pubmed: 15906569doi: 10.2460/javma.2005.226.1685google scholar: lookup
  11. Sykes BW, Underwood C, Greer R, McGowan CM, Mills PC. The effects of dose and diet on the pharmacodynamics of omeprazole in the horse.. Equine Vet J 2017 Jul;49(4):525-531.
    pubmed: 27554924doi: 10.1111/evj.12630google scholar: lookup
  12. Raidal SL, Andrews FM, Nielsen SG, Trope G. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of two omeprazole formulations on stomach pH and gastric ulcer scores.. Equine Vet J 2017 Nov;49(6):802-809.
    pubmed: 28432741doi: 10.1111/evj.12691google scholar: lookup
  13. Merritt AM, Sanchez LC, Burrow JA, Church M, Ludzia S. Effect of GastroGard and three compounded oral omeprazole preparations on 24 h intragastric pH in gastrically cannulated mature horses.. Equine Vet J 2003 Nov;35(7):691-5.
    pubmed: 14649361doi: 10.2746/042516403775696339google scholar: lookup
  14. Hunt RH. The relationship between the control of pH and healing and symptom relief in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995;9 Suppl 1:3-7.
    pubmed: 7495939doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00777.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  15. Sykes BW, Underwood C, McGowan CM, Mills PC. The effects of dose and diet on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in the horse.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017 Apr;40(2):172-178.
    pubmed: 27478135doi: 10.1111/jvp.12345google scholar: lookup
  16. McClure SR, White GW, Sifferman RL, Bernard W, Doucet MY, Vrins A, Holste JE, Fleishman C, Alva R, Cramer LG. Efficacy of omeprazole paste for prevention of gastric ulcers in horses in race training.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005 May 15;226(10):1681-4.
    pubmed: 15906568doi: 10.2460/javma.2005.226.1681google scholar: lookup
  17. Hess‐Dudan F, Rossdale PD. Neonatal maladjustment syndrome and other neurological signs in the newborn foal: part 1.. Equine Vet Educ 1996;8:24‐32.
  18. Sanchez LC, Lester GD, Merritt AM. Effect of ranitidine on intragastric pH in clinically normal neonatal foals.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998 May 1;212(9):1407-12.
    pubmed: 9589127
  19. Modlin IM, Basson MD, Adrian TE, Sussman J. Pepsinogen release and acid secretion from human and guinea pig gastric mucosa compromised by hypoxia, endotoxin, or critical illness.. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990 Sep;25(9):865-75.
    pubmed: 2218392doi: 10.3109/00365529008997606google scholar: lookup
  20. Sanchez LC, Murray MJ, Merritt AM. Effect of omeprazole paste on intragastric pH in clinically normal neonatal foals.. Am J Vet Res 2004 Aug;65(8):1039-41.
    pubmed: 15334835doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1039google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Smith JS, Gebert J, Bennett K, Ebner LS, Flynn R, Mulon PY, Harvill L, Escher OG, Kreuder AJ, Bergman J, Cox S. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of esomeprazole in sheep after intravenous dosing.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1172023.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1172023pubmed: 37215479google scholar: lookup
  2. Olivarez JD, Mulon PY, Ebner LS, Cremerius H, Cantrell C, Rahn R, Soto-Gonzalez W, Bergman J, Cox S, Mochel JP, Kreuder AJ, Smith JS. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pantoprazole in calves.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1101461.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1101461pubmed: 36794231google scholar: lookup
  3. Hewetson M, Tallon R. Equine Squamous Gastric Disease: Prevalence, Impact and Management.. Vet Med (Auckl) 2021;12:381-399.
    doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S235258pubmed: 35004264google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.