Investigation of blood oxidant/antioxidant markers in healthy competition horses of different breeds.
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that the equine athlete is exposed to exercise-induced changes of its oxidant/antioxidant balance and antioxidant supplementation is frequently recommended. However, it is unknown whether there is a specific need for antioxidants according to performance, breed, gender or age. Objective: To assess whether breed-, gender- and age-related differences of blood oxidant/antioxidant markers occur in competition horses. Methods: Healthy horses (n = 493) underwent oxidant/ antioxidant blood marker determination. Vitamin E, lipophilic antioxidant capacity (ACL), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH, GSSG), gluthione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lipid peroxides (Pool), oxidised proteins (Protox) were determined, as well as magnesium (Mg), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb). A mixed linear model assessed the effect of breed, gender and age category. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Thoroughbreds showed the highest values of vitamin E, ACL, GPx, PCV and Hb, whilst standardbreds had the highest values of AA and LDH. Jumping horses had the highest Protox values. Females had significantly higher SOD values, whereas most of the other markers were higher in stallions and geldings. Horses age 2-6 years had higher AA, SOD and LDH values than horses age >6 years. Correlation analyses were positive and significant between vitamin E and GPx, VitE and ACL, Se and GPx, Cu and Pool and negative between Pool and vitamin E, Pool and ACL, Protox and GPx, Protox and vitamin E. Conclusions: Blood oxidant/ antioxidant status of horses is influenced by breed, gender and age. The correlation analyses suggest synergistic relations between GPx, vitamin E and Se and an antagonistic relation between Protox-GPx, Protox-vitamin E, and Pool-vitamin E. Conclusions: The results of this investigation provide definition of the specific need for antioxidants and vitamins in competition horses.
Publication Date: 2007-04-04 PubMed ID: 17402425DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05546.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates the differences in blood oxidant/antioxidant levels in competition horses of various breeds, genders, and ages, providing insights on the specific antioxidant needs of these animals according to their breed, gender, and age.
Objective
- The purpose of this research was to determine if there are breed-, gender-, and age-related differences in the blood antioxidant/oxidant levels of competition horses. This is important because while it is known that physical strenuous activities can cause changes in antioxidant levels, it is not clear if specific antioxidant needs vary depending on performance, breed, gender, or age.
Methods
- A total of 493 healthy horses took part in the study where their blood levels of various markers, including vitamin E, ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH, GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and many others were determined.
Results
- Findings from the study revealed that different horses showed varying levels of oxidant/antioxidant markers. For instance, Thoroughbreds had the highest levels of vitamin E, ACL, GPx, PCV, and Hb, while Standardbreds had the highest AA and LDH levels. Horses used in jumping competitions had the highest Protox values.
- Furthermore, the study shows that female horses had significantly higher SOD values, while the other markers were higher in stallions and geldings. Horses aged between 2 and 6 years had higher AA, SOD, and LDH values compared to horses over 6 years old.
- The correlation analysis suggests a synergistic relationship between GPx, vitamin E, and Se, whereas there appears to be a negative correlation between Protox-Gpx, Protox-vitamin E, and Pool-vitamin E. In other words, as values of one increase, the other decreases.
Conclusion
- The study concludes that the antioxidant/oxidant status of horses is influenced by breed, gender, and age. This could be valuable in tailoring specific antioxidant and vitamin needs depending on the individual horse’s breed, gender, and age.
Cite This Article
APA
Kirschvink N, de Moffarts B, Farnir F, Pincemail J, Lekeux P.
(2007).
Investigation of blood oxidant/antioxidant markers in healthy competition horses of different breeds.
Equine Vet J Suppl(36), 239-244.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05546.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department for Functional Sciences, Department for Animal Productions, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antioxidants / metabolism
- Biomarkers / blood
- Breeding
- Female
- Glutathione Peroxidase / blood
- Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism
- Horses / blood
- Horses / metabolism
- Male
- Minerals / blood
- Minerals / metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Selenium / blood
- Selenium / metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Vitamin E / blood
- Vitamin E / metabolism
- Vitamins / blood
- Vitamins / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Bollinger L, Bartel A, Weber C, Gehlen H. Pre-Ride Biomarkers and Endurance Horse Welfare: Analyzing the Impact of the Elimination of Superoxide Dismutase, δ-Aminolevulinic-Dehydratase, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Iron, and Serum Amyloid A Levels in Elite 160 km Endurance Rides.. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 17;13(10).
- White-Springer SH, Vineyard KR, Kivipelto J, Warren LK. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation does not impair vitamin E status or promote lipid peroxidation in growing horses.. J Anim Sci 2021 Jul 1;99(7).
- Pourmohammad R, Mohri M, Seifi HA, Sardari K. Evaluation of cardiac troponin I, atrial natriuretic peptide and some oxidative/antioxidative biomarkers in the serum and hemolysate of trained Arabian horses after exercise.. Iran J Vet Res 2020 Summer;21(3):211-215.
- Anderson MJ, Ibrahim AS, Cooper BR, Woolcock AD, Moore GE, Taylor SD. Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low-dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Nov;34(6):2710-2718.
- Żak A, Siwińska N, Chełmecka E, Bażanów B, Romuk E, Adams A, Niedźwiedź A, Stygar D. Effects of Advanced Age, Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Insulin Dysregulation on Serum Antioxidant Markers in Horses.. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020 May 21;9(5).
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