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The Veterinary record2000; 147(20); 563-567; doi: 10.1136/vr.147.20.563

Investigations towards an efficacious and safe strangles vaccine: submucosal vaccination with a live attenuated Streptococcus equi.

Abstract: As part of a search for a safe and efficacious strangles vaccine, several different vaccines and different vaccination routes were tested in foals. The degree of protection was evaluated after an intranasal challenge with virulent Streptococcus equi by clinical, postmortem and bacteriological examinations. Inactivated vaccines containing either native purified M-protein (500 microg per dose) or whole S equi cells (10(10) cells per dose) administered at least twice intramuscularly at intervals of four weeks, did not protect against challenge. Different live attenuated S equi mutants administered at least twice at intervals of four weeks by the intranasal route were either safe but not protective or caused strangles. In contrast, a live attenuated deletion mutant administered intramuscularly, induced complete protection but also induced unacceptable local reactions at the site of vaccination. Submucosal vaccination in the inner side of the upper lip with the live attenuated mutant at > or =10(8) colony-forming units per dose, appeared to be safe and efficacious in foals as young as four months of age. The submucosal vaccinations caused small transient swellings that resolved completely within two weeks, and postmortem no vaccine remnants or other abnormalities were found at the site of vaccination.
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Publication Date: 2000-12-05 PubMed ID: 11104039DOI: 10.1136/vr.147.20.563Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper explores the development of an effective and safe vaccine for Strangles, a contagious disease in horses. Several vaccine variants and administration methods were tested in foals. Although most vaccines were either ineffective or caused adverse reactions, a live attenuated mutant vaccine administered submucosally in the upper lip was found to be both safe and effective.

Investigative Procedures

  • The researchers tested several distinct vaccines and various vaccination methods in foals.
  • They then evaluated the protection level these vaccines provided by subjecting the foals to an intranasal challenge with invasively infectious Streptococcus equi bacteria.
  • Protection levels were assessed via clinical, postmortem and bacteriological examinations, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of the test results.

Findings

  • Inactivated vaccines containing native purified M-protein or entire S equi cells, each administered at least twice intramuscularly at four-week intervals, did not offer protection against the disease.
  • Some live attenuated S equi mutants were deemed safe but ineffective when administered intranasally at least twice at four-week intervals, while others led to instances of strangles.
  • A different live attenuated deletion mutant, when administered intramuscularly, resulted in complete protection but also caused local reactions at the site of vaccination, making it unacceptable.
  • A notable exception was a specific live attenuated mutant vaccine, which when administered submucosally on the inside of the upper lip, showed promising results offering safety and efficacy in foals as young as four months of age.

Side Effects and Postmortem Findings

  • These submucosal vaccinations caused small, temporary swellings that completely disappeared within two weeks.
  • The post-mortem examinations found no vaccine remnants or abnormalities at the site of the vaccination, also highlighting the potential safety of this vaccination method.

Summary

  • The research indicates crucial progress in the pursuit of a potent and safe strangles vaccine. Although most vaccines tested displayed shortcomings, one live attenuated mutant when administered submucosally was identified as a potential candidate, showing safety and effectiveness even in very young foals.

Cite This Article

APA
Jacobs AA, Goovaerts D, Nuijten PJ, Theelen RP, Hartford OM, Foster TJ. (2000). Investigations towards an efficacious and safe strangles vaccine: submucosal vaccination with a live attenuated Streptococcus equi. Vet Rec, 147(20), 563-567. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.147.20.563

Publication

The Veterinary record
ISSN: 0042-4900
NlmUniqueID: 0031164
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 147
Issue: 20
Pages: 563-567

Researcher Affiliations

Jacobs, A A
  • Bacteriological Research Department, Intervet International BV, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.
Goovaerts, D
    Nuijten, P J
      Theelen, R P
        Hartford, O M
          Foster, T J

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Drug Administration Routes
            • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
            • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
            • Horses
            • Streptococcal Infections / prevention & control
            • Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
            • Streptococcal Vaccines
            • Streptococcus equi / immunology

            Citations

            This article has been cited 15 times.
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