Isolation of a virus causing respiratory disease in horses.

Citations

1. Lim SI, Kim MJ, Kim MJ, Lee SK, Yang HS, Kwon M, Lim EH, Ouh IO, Kim EJ, Hyun BH, Lee YH. Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022.. Viruses 2023 Oct 23;15(10).
   doi: 10.3390/v15102135pubmed: 37896912google scholar: lookup
2. Sandybayev N, Strochkov V, Beloussov V, Orkara S, Kydyrmanov A, Khan Y, Batanova Z, Kassenov M. Evaluation of a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for identifying H3 equine influenza virus in Kazakhstan.. Vet World 2023 Aug;16(8):1682-1689.
   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1682-1689pubmed: 37766711google scholar: lookup
3. Lazić S, Savić S, Petrović T, Lazić G, Žekić M, Drobnjak D, Lupulović D. Serological Examinations of Significant Viral Infections in Domestic Donkeys at the Special Nature Reserve "Zasavica", Serbia.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jun 21;13(13).
   doi: 10.3390/ani13132056pubmed: 37443854google scholar: lookup
4. Zhang H, Han S, Wang B, Xing Y, Yuan G, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Li G, Li Q, Pan J, Li W, He H. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza Virus H3N8 Isolated from Chinese pond heron in China in 2021.. Viruses 2023 Jan 28;15(2).
   doi: 10.3390/v15020383pubmed: 36851597google scholar: lookup
5. Olufemi OT, Edeh ER, Isyaku MS, Haliru M, Samaila S, Mshelia PW, Owolodun OA, Newton JR, Daly JM. Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza and Its Associated Risk Factors in Northwest Nigeria.. Pathogens 2022 Nov 17;11(11).
   doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111372pubmed: 36422623google scholar: lookup
6. Ahmed BM, Bayoumi MM, Farrag MA, Elgamal MA, Daly JM, Amer HM. Emergence of equine influenza virus H3Nx Florida clade 2 in Arabian racehorses in Egypt.. Virol J 2022 Nov 12;19(1):185.
   doi: 10.1186/s12985-022-01917-9pubmed: 36371185google scholar: lookup
7. Gonzalez-Obando J, Forero JE, Zuluaga-Cabrera AM, Ruiz-Saenz J. Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Oct 14;10(10).
   doi: 10.3390/vaccines10101718pubmed: 36298583google scholar: lookup
8. Bisht K, Te Velthuis AJW. Decoding the Role of Temperature in RNA Virus Infections.. mBio 2022 Oct 26;13(5):e0202122.
   doi: 10.1128/mbio.02021-22pubmed: 35980031google scholar: lookup
9. Whitlock F, Murcia PR, Newton JR. A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective.. Viruses 2022 Jun 15;14(6).
   doi: 10.3390/v14061312pubmed: 35746783google scholar: lookup
10. Kalonda A, Phonera M, Saasa N, Kajihara M, Sutcliffe CG, Sawa H, Takada A, Simulundu E. Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Viruses 2021 Dec 2;13(12).
    doi: 10.3390/v13122411pubmed: 34960680google scholar: lookup
11. Amat JAR, Patton V, Chauché C, Goldfarb D, Crispell J, Gu Q, Coburn AM, Gonzalez G, Mair D, Tong L, Martinez-Sobrido L, Marshall JF, Marchesi F, Murcia PR. Long-term adaptation following influenza A virus host shifts results in increased within-host viral fitness due to higher replication rates, broader dissemination within the respiratory epithelium and reduced tissue damage.. PLoS Pathog 2021 Dec;17(12):e1010174.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010174pubmed: 34919598google scholar: lookup
12. Kessler S, Harder TC, Schwemmle M, Ciminski K. Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events-Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?. Viruses 2021 Nov 9;13(11).
    doi: 10.3390/v13112250pubmed: 34835056google scholar: lookup
13. Chan L, Alizadeh K, Alizadeh K, Fazel F, Kakish JE, Karimi N, Knapp JP, Mehrani Y, Minott JA, Morovati S, Rghei A, Stegelmeier AA, Vanderkamp S, Karimi K, Bridle BW. Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration.. Vaccines (Basel) 2021 Sep 1;9(9).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines9090979pubmed: 34579216google scholar: lookup
14. Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines.. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
    doi: 10.3390/v13081657pubmed: 34452521google scholar: lookup
15. Bażanów B, Pawęska JT, Pogorzelska A, Florek M, Frącka A, Gębarowski T, Chwirot W, Stygar D. Serological Evidence of Common Equine Viral Infections in a Semi-Isolated, Unvaccinated Population of Hucul Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 30;11(8).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11082261pubmed: 34438717google scholar: lookup
16. Olguin-Perglione C, Barrandeguy ME. An Overview of Equine Influenza in South America.. Viruses 2021 May 12;13(5).
    doi: 10.3390/v13050888pubmed: 34065839google scholar: lookup
17. Yang W, Schountz T, Ma W. Bat Influenza Viruses: Current Status and Perspective.. Viruses 2021 Mar 25;13(4).
    doi: 10.3390/v13040547pubmed: 33805956google scholar: lookup
18. Fatima U, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang XF, Xu L, Chu X, Ji S, Wang X. Equine Mx1 Restricts Influenza A Virus Replication by Targeting at Distinct Site of its Nucleoprotein.. Viruses 2019 Dec 2;11(12).
    doi: 10.3390/v11121114pubmed: 31810278google scholar: lookup
19. Toh X, Soh ML, Ng MK, Yap SC, Harith N, Fernandez CJ, Huangfu T. Isolation and characterization of equine influenza virus (H3N8) from an equine influenza outbreak in Malaysia in 2015.. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Sep;66(5):1884-1893.
    doi: 10.1111/tbed.13218pubmed: 31059176google scholar: lookup
20. Zhu H, Damdinjav B, Gonzalez G, Patrono LV, Ramirez-Mendoza H, Amat JAR, Crispell J, Parr YA, Hammond TA, Shiilegdamba E, Leung YHC, Peiris M, Marshall JF, Hughes J, Gilbert M, Murcia PR. Absence of adaptive evolution is the main barrier against influenza emergence in horses in Asia despite frequent virus interspecies transmission from wild birds.. PLoS Pathog 2019 Feb;15(2):e1007531.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007531pubmed: 30731004google scholar: lookup
21. Dilai M, Piro M, El Harrak M, Fougerolle S, Dehhaoui M, Dikrallah A, Legrand L, Paillot R, Fassi Fihri O. Impact of Mixed Equine Influenza Vaccination on Correlate of Protection in Horses.. Vaccines (Basel) 2018 Oct 4;6(4).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines6040071pubmed: 30287762google scholar: lookup
22. Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies.. Front Microbiol 2018;9:1941.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01941pubmed: 30237788google scholar: lookup
23. Sreenivasan CC, Jandhyala SS, Luo S, Hause BM, Thomas M, Knudsen DEB, Leslie-Steen P, Clement T, Reedy SE, Chambers TM, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson E, Wang D, Kaushik RS, Li F. Phylogenetic Analysis and Characterization of a Sporadic Isolate of Equine Influenza A H3N8 from an Unvaccinated Horse in 2015.. Viruses 2018 Jan 11;10(1).
    doi: 10.3390/v10010031pubmed: 29324680google scholar: lookup
24. Byrd-Leotis L, Cummings RD, Steinhauer DA. The Interplay between the Host Receptor and Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase.. Int J Mol Sci 2017 Jul 17;18(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms18071541pubmed: 28714909google scholar: lookup
25. Olguin Perglione C, Golemba MD, Torres C, Barrandeguy M. Molecular Epidemiology and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of the H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus in South America.. Pathogens 2016 Oct 16;5(4).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens5040061pubmed: 27754468google scholar: lookup
26. Meseko CA, Ehizibolo DO, Nwokike EC, Wungak YS. Serological evidence of equine influenza virus in horse stables in Kaduna, Nigeria.. J Equine Sci 2016;27(3):99-105.
    doi: 10.1294/jes.27.99pubmed: 27703404google scholar: lookup
27. Na W, Yeom M, Yuk H, Moon H, Kang B, Song D. Influenza virus vaccine for neglected hosts: horses and dogs.. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2016 Jul;5(2):117-24.
    doi: 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.2.117pubmed: 27489801google scholar: lookup
28. Xie T, Anderson BD, Daramragchaa U, Chuluunbaatar M, Gray GC. A Review of Evidence that Equine Influenza Viruses Are Zoonotic.. Pathogens 2016 Jul 12;5(3).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens5030050pubmed: 27420100google scholar: lookup
29. Alves Beuttemmüller E, Woodward A, Rash A, Dos Santos Ferraz LE, Fernandes Alfieri A, Alfieri AA, Elton D. Characterisation of the epidemic strain of H3N8 equine influenza virus responsible for outbreaks in South America in 2012.. Virol J 2016 Mar 19;13:45.
    doi: 10.1186/s12985-016-0503-9pubmed: 26993620google scholar: lookup
30. Perglione CO, Gildea S, Rimondi A, Miño S, Vissani A, Carossino M, Cullinane A, Barrandeguy M. Epidemiological and virological findings during multiple outbreaks of equine influenza in South America in 2012.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016 Jan;10(1):37-46.
    doi: 10.1111/irv.12349pubmed: 26406274google scholar: lookup
31. Boukharta M, Azlmat S, Elharrak M, Ennaji MM. Multiple alignment comparison of the non-structural genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco.. BMC Res Notes 2015 Sep 24;8:471.
    doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1441-0pubmed: 26404167google scholar: lookup
32. Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination.. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines2040797pubmed: 26344892google scholar: lookup
33. Kim EJ, Kim BH, Yang S, Choi EJ, Shin YJ, Song JY, Shin YK. Antibody responses after vaccination against equine influenza in the Republic of Korea in 2013.. J Vet Med Sci 2015 Nov;77(11):1517-21.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.15-0192pubmed: 26062436google scholar: lookup
34. Nelson MI, Vincent AL. Reverse zoonosis of influenza to swine: new perspectives on the human-animal interface.. Trends Microbiol 2015 Mar;23(3):142-53.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.12.002pubmed: 25564096google scholar: lookup
35. Parrish CR, Murcia PR, Holmes EC. Influenza virus reservoirs and intermediate hosts: dogs, horses, and new possibilities for influenza virus exposure of humans.. J Virol 2015 Mar;89(6):2990-4.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.03146-14pubmed: 25540375google scholar: lookup
36. Baz M, Paskel M, Matsuoka Y, Zengel J, Cheng X, Treanor JJ, Jin H, Subbarao K. A live attenuated equine H3N8 influenza vaccine is highly immunogenic and efficacious in mice and ferrets.. J Virol 2015 Feb;89(3):1652-9.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02449-14pubmed: 25410860google scholar: lookup
37. Ozawa M, Kawaoka Y. Cross talk between animal and human influenza viruses.. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2013 Jan;1:21-42.
    doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103733pubmed: 25387011google scholar: lookup
38. Boukharta M, Zakham F, Touil N, Elharrak M, Ennaji MM. Cleavage site and Ectodomain of HA2 sub-unit sequence of three equine influenza virus isolated in Morocco.. BMC Res Notes 2014 Jul 12;7:448.
    doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-448pubmed: 25016480google scholar: lookup
39. Worobey M, Han GZ, Rambaut A. A synchronized global sweep of the internal genes of modern avian influenza virus.. Nature 2014 Apr 10;508(7495):254-7.
    doi: 10.1038/nature13016pubmed: 24531761google scholar: lookup
40. Elton D, Bruce EA, Bryant N, Wise HM, MacRae S, Rash A, Smith N, Turnbull ML, Medcalf L, Daly JM, Digard P. The genetics of virus particle shape in equine influenza A virus.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Dec;7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):81-9.
    doi: 10.1111/irv.12197pubmed: 24224823google scholar: lookup
41. Gildea S, Fitzpatrick DA, Cullinane A. Epidemiological and virological investigations of equine influenza outbreaks in Ireland (2010-2012).. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Dec;7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):61-72.
    doi: 10.1111/irv.12192pubmed: 24224821google scholar: lookup
42. Na W, Kang B, Kim HI, Hong M, Park SJ, Jeoung HY, An DJ, Moon H, Kim JK, Song D. Isolation and genetic characterization of naturally NS-truncated H3N8 equine influenza virus in South Korea.. Epidemiol Infect 2014 Apr;142(4):759-66.
    doi: 10.1017/S095026881300143Xpubmed: 23800580google scholar: lookup
43. Hamilton BS, Sun X, Chung C, Whittaker GR. Acquisition of a novel eleven amino acid insertion directly N-terminal to a tetrabasic cleavage site confers intracellular cleavage of an H7N7 influenza virus hemagglutinin.. Virology 2012 Dec 5;434(1):88-95.
    doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.004pubmed: 23051710google scholar: lookup
44. Lewis NS, Daly JM, Russell CA, Horton DL, Skepner E, Bryant NA, Burke DF, Rash AS, Wood JL, Chambers TM, Fouchier RA, Mumford JA, Elton DM, Smith DJ. Antigenic and genetic evolution of equine influenza A (H3N8) virus from 1968 to 2007.. J Virol 2011 Dec;85(23):12742-9.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.05319-11pubmed: 21937642google scholar: lookup
45. Bountouri M, Fragkiadaki E, Ntafis V, Kanellos T, Xylouri E. Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of equine H3N8 influenza viruses from Greece (2003 and 2007): evidence for reassortment between evolutionary lineages.. Virol J 2011 Jul 14;8:350.
    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-350pubmed: 21756308google scholar: lookup
46. Murcia PR, Wood JL, Holmes EC. Genome-scale evolution and phylodynamics of equine H3N8 influenza A virus.. J Virol 2011 Jun;85(11):5312-22.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02619-10pubmed: 21430049google scholar: lookup
47. Diaz-Mendez A, Viel L, Hewson J, Doig P, Carman S, Chambers T, Tiwari A, Dewey C. Surveillance of equine respiratory viruses in Ontario.. Can J Vet Res 2010 Oct;74(4):271-8.
    pubmed: 21197227
48. Morens DM, Taubenberger JK. Historical thoughts on influenza viral ecosystems, or behold a pale horse, dead dogs, failing fowl, and sick swine.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2010 Nov;4(6):327-37.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00148.xpubmed: 20958926google scholar: lookup
49. Loroño-Pino MA, Farfan-Ale JA, Garcia-Rejon JE, Lin M, Rosado-Paredes E, Puerto FI, Bates A, Root JJ, Franklin AB, Sullivan HJ, Blitvich BJ. Antibodies to influenza and West Nile viruses in horses in Mexico.. Vet Rec 2010 Jan 2;166(1):22-3.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.b5586pubmed: 20045855google scholar: lookup
50. Bryant NA, Paillot R, Rash AS, Medcalf E, Montesso F, Ross J, Watson J, Jeggo M, Lewis NS, Newton JR, Elton DM. Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak.. Vet Res 2010 Mar-Apr;41(2):19.
    doi: 10.1051/vetres/2009067pubmed: 19863903google scholar: lookup
51. Lu Z, Chambers TM, Boliar S, Branscum AJ, Sturgill TL, Timoney PJ, Reedy SE, Tudor LR, Dubovi EJ, Vickers ML, Sells S, Balasuriya UB. Development and evaluation of one-step TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays targeting nucleoprotein, matrix, and hemagglutinin genes of equine influenza virus.. J Clin Microbiol 2009 Dec;47(12):3907-13.
    doi: 10.1128/JCM.00598-09pubmed: 19846644google scholar: lookup
52. Dowdle WR, Yarbrough WB, Robinson RQ. 2. Etiology.. Public Health Rep (1896) 1964 May;79(5):398-402.
    pubmed: 19316466
53. Quinlivan M, Dempsey E, Ryan F, Arkins S, Cullinane A. Real-time reverse transcription PCR for detection and quantitative analysis of equine influenza virus.. J Clin Microbiol 2005 Oct;43(10):5055-7.
    doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5055-5057.2005pubmed: 16207961google scholar: lookup
54. Kyncl J, Prochazka B, Goddard NL, Havlickova M, Castkova J, Otavova M, Kriz B. A study of excess mortality during influenza epidemics in the Czech Republic, 1982-2000.. Eur J Epidemiol 2005;20(4):365-71.
    doi: 10.1007/s10654-005-1067-ypubmed: 15971510google scholar: lookup
55. Quinlivan M, Zamarin D, García-Sastre A, Cullinane A, Chambers T, Palese P. Attenuation of equine influenza viruses through truncations of the NS1 protein.. J Virol 2005 Jul;79(13):8431-9.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.13.8431-8439.2005pubmed: 15956587google scholar: lookup
56. Quinlivan M, Cullinane A, Nelly M, Van Maanen K, Heldens J, Arkins S. Comparison of sensitivities of virus isolation, antigen detection, and nucleic acid amplification for detection of equine influenza virus.. J Clin Microbiol 2004 Feb;42(2):759-63.
    doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.2.759-763.2004pubmed: 14766849google scholar: lookup
57. WATERSON AP, HURRELL JM, JENSEN KE. The fine structure of influenza A, B and C viruses.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1963;12:487-95.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01242156pubmed: 13999159google scholar: lookup
58. Binns MM, Daly JM, Chirnside ED, Mumford JA, Wood JM, Richards CM, Daniels RS. Genetic and antigenic analysis of an equine influenza H 3 isolate from the 1989 epidemic.. Arch Virol 1993;130(1-2):33-43.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01318994pubmed: 8503788google scholar: lookup
59. Yamagishi H, Nagamine T, Shimoda K, Ide S, Igarashi Y, Yoshioka I, Matumoto M. Comparative measurement of equine influenza virus antibodies in horse sera by single radial hemolysis, neutralization, and hemagglutination inhibition tests.. J Clin Microbiol 1982 Apr;15(4):660-2.
    doi: 10.1128/jcm.15.4.660-662.1982pubmed: 7040463google scholar: lookup
60. Alexander DJ. Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review.. J R Soc Med 1982 Oct;75(10):799-811.
    doi: 10.1177/014107688207501010pubmed: 6752410google scholar: lookup
61. Wood JM, Mumford J, Folkers C, Scott AM, Schild GC. Studies with inactivated equine influenza vaccine. 1. Serological responses of ponies to graded doses of vaccine.. J Hyg (Lond) 1983 Jun;90(3):371-84.
    doi: 10.1017/s0022172400029004pubmed: 6345659google scholar: lookup
62. Hinshaw VS, Webster RG, Rodriguez RJ. Influenza A viruses: combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes isolated from animals and other sources.. Arch Virol 1981;67(3):191-201.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01318130pubmed: 6164356google scholar: lookup
63. Mayr A, Böhm HO, Brill J, Woyciechowska S. [Characterization of an equine abortion virus from Poland and comparison with known equine rhinopneumonitis virus strains].. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1965;17(2):216-30.
    pubmed: 5894190
64. Estes PC, Cheville NF. The ultrastructure of vascular lesions in equine viral arteritis.. Am J Pathol 1970 Feb;58(2):235-53.
    pubmed: 5437264
65. Tůmová B, Pereira HG. Antigenic relationship between influenza A viruses of human and animal origin.. Bull World Health Organ 1968;38(3):415-20.
    pubmed: 5302333
66. Masurel N, Mulder J. Studies on the content of antibodies for equine influenza viruses in human sera.. Bull World Health Organ 1966;34(6):885-93.
    pubmed: 5296537
67. Tumová B, Schild GC. Antigenic relationships between type a influenza viruses of human, porcine, equine, and avian origin.. Bull World Health Organ 1972;47(4):453-60.
    pubmed: 4540995
68. Kaplan M, Beveridge WI. WHO coordinated research on the role of animals in influenza epidemiology: introduction.. Bull World Health Organ 1972;47(4):439-48.
    pubmed: 4540993
69. Jensen K. Diagnosis of mixed infections with myxovirus influenzae A equi 2 and herpes virus equi 1 among Danish stud horses.. Acta Vet Scand 1973;14(2):205-18.
    doi: 10.1186/BF03547437pubmed: 4353840google scholar: lookup
70. Marois P, Boudreault A, DiFranco E, Pavilanis V. Response of ferrets and monkeys to intranasal infection with human, equine and avian influenza viruses.. Can J Comp Med 1971 Jan;35(1):71-6.
    pubmed: 4251419
71. Appleton JA, Antczak DF, Lopes AD. Characterization of the equine influenza virus H3 with monoclonal antibodies.. Arch Virol 1987;94(3-4):339-46.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01310728pubmed: 2437891google scholar: lookup
72. Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses.. Microbiol Rev 1992 Mar;56(1):152-79.
    doi: 10.1128/mr.56.1.152-179.1992pubmed: 1579108google scholar: lookup
73. Endo A, Pecoraro R, Sugita S, Nerome K. Evolutionary pattern of the H 3 haemagglutinin of equine influenza viruses: multiple evolutionary lineages and frozen replication.. Arch Virol 1992;123(1-2):73-87.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01317139pubmed: 1550498google scholar: lookup
74. Goto H, Shimizu K, Abe T, Kanamitsu M. Sero-epidemiological study on equine influenza in Japan.. J Clin Microbiol 1976 Aug;2(2):89-93.
    pubmed: 987067
75. Hinshaw VS, Webster RG, Rodriguez RJ. Influenza A viruses: combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes isolated from animals and other sources. Brief review.. Arch Virol 1979;62(4):281-90.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01318102pubmed: 396910google scholar: lookup
76. Sherman J, Thorsen J, Barnum DA, Mitchell WR, Ingram DG. Infectious causes of equine respiratory disease on Ontario standardbred racetracks.. J Clin Microbiol 1977 Mar;5(3):285-9.
    doi: 10.1128/jcm.5.3.285-289.1977pubmed: 192757google scholar: lookup