Kerr-gated time-resolved Raman spectroscopy of equine cortical bone tissue.
Abstract: Picosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy in equine cortical bone tissue is demonstrated. Using 400-nm pulsed laser excitation (1 ps at 1 kHz) it is shown that Kerr cell gating with a 4-ps window provides simultaneously time-resolved rejection of fluorescence and time-resolved Raman scatter enabling depth profiling through tissue. The Raman shifts are the same as those observed by conventional cw Raman spectroscopy using deep-red or near-infrared lasers. The time decay of Raman photons is shown to fit an inverse square root of time function, suggesting propagation by a diffusive mechanism. Using polystyrene behind a bone specimen, it is shown that the 400-nm laser light penetrates at least 0.31 mm below the surface of a fully mineralized bone tissue specimen and generates observable bone Raman scatter (approximately 415 to 430 nm) through most of this depth. These novel results demonstrate great promise for in vivo applications for studying diseased bone tissue, and ways to optimize the setup are discussed.
Copyright 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
Publication Date: 2005-04-26 PubMed ID: 15847595DOI: 10.1117/1.1827605Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- N.I.H.
- Extramural
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research article discusses a study on the utilisation of picosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy in equine cortical bone tissue, which shows promising results for in vivo applications for studying diseased bone tissue.
Research Methodology
- The study employed the use of a 400-nm pulsed laser, with an excitation of 1 ps at 1 kHz, on equine cortical bone tissue to examine fluorescence rejection and Raman scatter in depth profiling through the tissue.
- Kerr cell gating was used with a 4-ps window for time-resolved rejection of fluorescence and enabling depth profiling via time-resolved Raman scatter.
- The study utilised conventional continuous wave (cw) Raman spectroscopy with deep-red or near-infrared lasers to compare the Raman shifts.
Findings and Observations
- The Raman shifts reported through this method were identical to those observed using cw Raman spectroscopy. This reinforces the effectiveness of the new methodology.
- The time decay of Raman photons complied with an inverse square root of time function, suggesting the propagation occurred through a diffusive mechanism.
- By using polystyrene behind a bone specimen, it was revealed that the 400-nm laser light could penetrate at least 0.31 mm beneath the surface of a fully mineralized bone tissue sample and generate observable bone Raman scatter from about 415 to 430 nm, through most of this depth.
Implications and Conclusions
- The successful observation of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy in equine cortical bone tissue using a 400-nm pulsed laser demonstrates the potential for this method in in vivo applications for studying diseased bone tissue.
- The use of Kerr cell gating for fluorescence rejection and time-resolved Raman scatter provides a new approach to depth profiling in bone tissue.
- The researchers also discuss potential ways to optimize this setup, further suggesting their intent to develop this methodology as a robust tool for studying bone diseases.
Cite This Article
APA
Morris MD, Matousek P, Towrie M, Parker AW, Goodship AE, Draper ER.
(2005).
Kerr-gated time-resolved Raman spectroscopy of equine cortical bone tissue.
J Biomed Opt, 10(1), 14014.
https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1827605 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. mdmorris@umich.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone and Bones / radiation effects
- Horses
- Lasers
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman
- Time Factors
Grant Funding
- P30 AR46024 / NIAMS NIH HHS
- R01 AR47969 / NIAMS NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Noordwijk KJ, Chen L, Ruspi BD, Schurer S, Papa B, Fasanello DC, McDonough SP, Palmer SE, Porter IR, Basran PS, Donnelly E, Reesink HL. Metacarpophalangeal Joint Pathology and Bone Mineral Density Increase with Exercise but Not with Incidence of Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture in Thoroughbred Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 24;13(5).
- Fosca M, Basoli V, Della Bella E, Russo F, Vadalà G, Alini M, Rau JV, Verrier S. Raman Spectroscopy in Skeletal Tissue Disorders and Tissue Engineering: Present and Prospective. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2022 Oct;28(5):949-965.
- Esmonde-White FWL, Schulmerich MV, Esmonde-White KA, Morris MD. Automated Raman Spectral Preprocessing of Bone and Other Musculoskeletal Tissues. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2009 Jan;7166.
- Lin K, Zheng W, Lim CM, Huang Z. Real-time In vivo Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Rapid Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy. Theranostics 2017;7(14):3517-3526.
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- De Luca AC, Dholakia K, Mazilu M. Modulated Raman Spectroscopy for Enhanced Cancer Diagnosis at the Cellular Level. Sensors (Basel) 2015 Jun 11;15(6):13680-704.
- Hokr BH, Yakovlev VV. Raman signal enhancement via elastic light scattering. Opt Express 2013 May 20;21(10):11757-62.
- McElderry JD, Kole MR, Morris MD. Repeated freeze-thawing of bone tissue affects Raman bone quality measurements. J Biomed Opt 2011 Jul;16(7):071407.
- Barman I, Kong CR, Singh GP, Dasari RR. Effect of photobleaching on calibration model development in biological Raman spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2011 Jan-Feb;16(1):011004.
- Macleod NA, Matousek P. Emerging non-invasive Raman methods in process control and forensic applications. Pharm Res 2008 Oct;25(10):2205-15.
- Shang L, Bao X, Peng H, Chen F, Wang Y, Liu K, Liang P, Wang Y, Tang X, Masia F, Langbein W, Li B. Time-resolved photon counting Fourier-transform micro-spectroscopy enables simultaneous Raman and fluorescence lifetime imaging. Light Sci Appl 2025 Oct 29;14(1):378.
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- Cabello G, Sazanovich IV, Siachos I, Bilton M, Mehdi BL, Neale AR, Hardwick LJ. Simultaneous Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with a Kerr Gate for Fluorescence Suppression. J Phys Chem Lett 2024 Jan 18;15(2):608-615.
- Unal M, Ahmed R, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Nyman JS. Compositional assessment of bone by Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2021 Dec 6;146(24):7464-7490.
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