Kinematics in horses at the trot before and after an induced forelimb supporting lameness.

The research is focused on observing the changes in horse movement patterns, specifically the trot, after intentionally causing lameness in the right forelimb of Dutch Warmblood horses through the use of specially designed horseshoes. Comparisons were made of the horses’ biokinematic behavior before and after lameness using a computer-aided videography system.

Study Methodology

• Five mature Dutch Warmblood horses were involved in the study.
• These horses were recorded from a side view using a video camera system before and after inducing lameness in the right forelimb.
• To make necessary measurements, passive markers were placed over certain anatomical reference points on the horses’ skin.
• A distinct horseshoe was used to deliberately cause lameness in the horses.
• The resulting footage was then analysed using a digitalising system in conjunction with a pre-made spreadsheet.

Parameters and Calculations

• The parameters analysed included linear, temporal and angular aspects related to the horse’s stride. These measurements were taken at the stride’s highest points of extension (Pmax) and flexion (Pmin), which were expressed as a percentage of the entire stride.
• Each of these before and after results were compared through a statistical method called a paired Student’s t test to identify any significant differences.
• The speed of the horse’s stride before and after the induced lameness was observed to be similar.

Findings

• Stride length was notably shorter when the horse was made lame.
• Stride duration was also slightly shorter under lameness conditions.
• The diagonal stance phase was increased, while the swing phase was reduced.
• Changes in angular parameters were mostly seen in the horse’s elbow, carpus (wrist), fetlock (ankle), and retraction and protraction angles. As a result, the range of motion in the elbow and carpal joints decreased, and the point of highest flexion of the elbow occurred at a later stage in the stride.

Implications

• The results of this study contribute valuable insights into the changes in biokinematic behavior in horses due to lameness.
• Such findings can assist in improving video-based diagnostic tools for horse lameness, aiding in more accurate and effective treatment plans.