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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasitol Res / Length of tick repellency depends on formulation of the repe...
Parasitology research2015; 114(8); 3041-3045; doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4506-z

Length of tick repellency depends on formulation of the repellent compound (icaridin = Saltidin®): tests on Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus placed on hands and clothes.

Abstract: The present study had the aim to test the repellent potential of the compound icaridin = Saltidin® against the tick species Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus using different formulations of the compound. Tests were done on backs of impregnated human hands, on impregnated linen cloth and versus impregnated dog hair. It was found that 1. Ixodes persulcatus-the common Eastern European, Russian Ixodes species is significantly sensitive to icaridin = Saltidin® as I. ricinus protecting for the test period of 5 h. This is an important finding, since I. persulcatus is the vector of agents of the severe Eastern meningoencephalitis; 2. that this repellent compound acts similarly on both I. ricinus and I. persulcatus, when sprayed either on naked skin or on cloths; 3. that there are only slight differences in duration of the repellency when using different formulations containing icaridin = Saltidin®; 4. that icaridin = Saltidin® sprayed on dog hair has identical repellent effects like those seen on human skin and cloths; thus, this compound can also be used to protect animals such as dogs, cats, horses; and 5. that the icaridin = Saltidin® did not induce a bad sensation on skin, nor bad smells; furthermore, it was not sticky and did not leave residuals neither on clothes nor on dog's hair.
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Publication Date: 2015-05-09 PubMed ID: 25952705DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4506-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study delves into the effectiveness of the compound icaridin, or Saltidin®, as a tick repellent. The research reveals that the repellent is efficient against certain types of ticks regardless of the formulation, and can be used on both human skin and the fur of pets without leaving any unpleasant sensation or residue.

Tick Species and Repellent Effectiveness

  • The research primarily focuses on two tick species: Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus. The latter is of significant interest because it is a common vector for severe Eastern meningoencephalitis in Eastern Europe and Russia.
  • The repellent, icaridin or Saltidin®, was found to provide up to 5 hours of protection against both species. This highlights its potential as an effective tool in preventing tick-borne diseases.

Repellent Application on Different Surfaces

  • Tests were conducted on impregnated human skin and linen cloth, as well as dog fur. The results confirm that the repellent performs equally well on all tested surfaces.
  • Therefore, icaridin can potentially be used to protect animals such as dogs, cats, horses, and presumably other furry pets, from tick infestations.

Repellent Formulations and Sensory Impact

  • Different formulations containing icaridin or Saltidin® were tested during the study. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of the repellent is mostly consistent, revealing only slight variations in the duration of repellency.
  • Importantly, the repellent did not induce any unpleasant sensations on the skin, nor produce any bad odors. It was also non-sticky, and did not leave any noticeable residuals on clothes or dog fur.

Conclusions

  • The study verifies the effectiveness of icaridin, or Saltidin®, as a tick repellent for both humans and animals. It also attests to the compound’s user-friendly characteristics, such as a lack of unpleasant sensory effects.
  • These findings could have considerable implications in the field of public health, particularly concerning the prevention of tick-borne diseases in humans and domestic animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Quraishy S, Mehlhorn H. (2015). Length of tick repellency depends on formulation of the repellent compound (icaridin = Saltidin®): tests on Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus placed on hands and clothes. Parasitol Res, 114(8), 3041-3045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4506-z

Publication

Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
NlmUniqueID: 8703571
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 114
Issue: 8
Pages: 3041-3045

Researcher Affiliations

Abdel-Ghaffar, Fathy
  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Al-Quraishy, Saleh
    Mehlhorn, Heinz

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Clothing
      • Dogs
      • Hair / chemistry
      • Hand
      • Humans
      • Insect Repellents / chemistry
      • Insect Repellents / pharmacology
      • Ixodes / drug effects
      • Piperidines / chemistry
      • Piperidines / pharmacology

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 9 times.
      1. Burtis JC, Ford SL, Parise CM, Foster E, Eisen RJ, Eisen L. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo repellency bioassay methods for Ixodes scapularis nymphs. Parasit Vectors 2023 Jul 10;16(1):228.
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      2. Ferreira HRP, Cabral RLB, Queiroga TBD, Guedes PMM, Lourenço de Assis AB, de Moura Barbosa T, do Nascimento JHO, Gama RA. The repellency effect of icaridin nanostructural solution applied on cotton knitting fabric against Lutzomyia longipalpis. Parasitol Res 2022 Sep;121(9):2673-2681.
        doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07595-4pubmed: 35821144google scholar: lookup
      3. Faraone N, MacPherson S, Hillier NK. Behavioral responses of Ixodes scapularis tick to natural products: development of novel repellents. Exp Appl Acarol 2019 Oct;79(2):195-207.
        doi: 10.1007/s10493-019-00421-0pubmed: 31564009google scholar: lookup
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        doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9752-4pubmed: 28755145google scholar: lookup
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        doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5136-9pubmed: 27230018google scholar: lookup
      7. Benelli G, Pavela R, Canale A, Mehlhorn H. Tick repellents and acaricides of botanical origin: a green roadmap to control tick-borne diseases?. Parasitol Res 2016 Jul;115(7):2545-60.
        doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5095-1pubmed: 27146901google scholar: lookup
      8. Benelli G, Mehlhorn H. Declining malaria, rising of dengue and Zika virus: insights for mosquito vector control. Parasitol Res 2016 May;115(5):1747-54.
        doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-4971-zpubmed: 26932263google scholar: lookup
      9. Jones RT, Tytheridge SJ, Vegvari C, Meredith HR, Pretorius EA, Ant TH, Logan JG. The effectiveness of putative wearable repellent technologies to protect against mosquito biting and Aedes-borne diseases, and their economic impact. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024 Dec;18(12):e0012621.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012621pubmed: 39693318google scholar: lookup
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