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Viruses2013; 5(12); 2963-2976; doi: 10.3390/v5122963

Lessons in AIDS vaccine development learned from studies of equine infectious, anemia virus infection and immunity.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia (EIA), identified in 1843 [1] as an infectious disease of horses and as a viral infection in 1904, remains a concern in veterinary medicine today. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has served as an animal model of HIV-1/AIDS research since the original identification of HIV. Similar to other lentiviruses, EIAV has a high propensity for genomic sequence and antigenic variation, principally in its envelope (Env) proteins. However, EIAV possesses a unique and dynamic disease presentation that has facilitated comprehensive analyses of the interactions between the evolving virus population, progressive host immune responses, and the definition of viral and host correlates of immune control and vaccine efficacy. Summarized here are key findings in EIAV that have provided important lessons toward understanding long term immune control of lentivirus infections and the parameters for development of an enduring broadly protective AIDS vaccine.
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Publication Date: 2013-12-02 PubMed ID: 24316675PubMed Central: PMC3967156DOI: 10.3390/v5122963Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research emphasizes the instrumental role of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) in understanding the development of an AIDS vaccine due to its comparable properties and unique progression. The study provides crucial explanations on the long-term immune control of lentivirus, setting parameters for the creation of a long-lasting, broad-spectrum AIDS vaccine.

Understanding EIAV

  • Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a viral infection diagnosed in horses back in 1843 and confirmed as a virus in 1904. Despite advancements in veterinary medicine, this infectious disease still poses significant challenges.
  • The EIA virus has been utilized as a model for studying HIV-1/AIDS ever since HIV was first identified.
  • Like other lentiviruses, EIAV is characterized by significant genomic sequence variation, primarily in its envelope proteins. These variations are a key feature of many viruses, including HIV, and play a critical role in how the virus interacts with the host’s immune system and in the development of vaccines.

Role of EIAV in AIDS Vaccine Research

  • The unique and active disease presentation of the EIAV has allowed extensive examination of how the evolving virus population interacts with the progressing host immune responses.
  • This interaction and the distinctive progression of the disease have facilitated a comprehensive definition of viral and host correlates of immune control and vaccine efficacy.
  • Such valuable insights derived from EIAV could be instrumental in establishing an effective AIDS vaccine, highlighting the importance of this research.

Key Findings and Implications for AIDS Vaccine

  • The article summarizes vital discoveries regarding EIAV which have provided meaningful insights to better understand the long-term immune control of lentivirus infections. These infections, like HIV, are characterized by a slow progression, with an individual’s immune system playing a crucial role in controlling the disease.
  • These lessons drawn from EIAV research lay down potential guidelines for the development of an enduring and broadly protective AIDS vaccine. A comprehensive understanding of how similar lentiviruses behave and evolve can significantly enhance the potential to create an effective vaccine against AIDS.

Cite This Article

APA
Craigo JK, Montelaro RC. (2013). Lessons in AIDS vaccine development learned from studies of equine infectious, anemia virus infection and immunity. Viruses, 5(12), 2963-2976. https://doi.org/10.3390/v5122963

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 12
Pages: 2963-2976

Researcher Affiliations

Craigo, Jodi K
  • Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. rmont@pitt.edu.
Montelaro, Ronald C

    MeSH Terms

    • AIDS Vaccines / immunology
    • AIDS Vaccines / isolation & purification
    • Animals
    • Antigenic Variation
    • Drug Discovery / trends
    • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
    • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
    • Genetic Variation
    • Horses
    • Humans
    • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
    • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology

    Grant Funding

    • R01 AI025850 / NIAID NIH HHS
    • R01 AI25850 / NIAID NIH HHS

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