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Home / Equine Research Bank / Onderstepoort J Vet Res / Leukoencephalomalacia in a horse induced by fumonisin B1 iso...
The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research1988; 55(4); 197-203;

Leukoencephalomalacia in a horse induced by fumonisin B1 isolated from Fusarium moniliforme.

Abstract: Each of two horses was dosed by stomach tube with culture material on maize of Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826. One horse developed severe hepatosis and mild oedema of the brain after 6 doses of 2.5 g of culture material/kg body mass/day in 7 days. The second horse, in a similar experiment but at a dosage rate of 1.25 g/kg/day, developed mild hepatosis and moderate oedema of the brain. In both animals the brain oedema was particularly noticeable in the medulla oblongata. The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 was extracted and purified from the culture material of F. moniliforme MRC, 826 which contained approximately 1 g/kg of this compound. A horse was injected intravenously 7 times from Day 0-Day 9 with 0.125 mg of fumonisin B1/kg body mass/day. Clinical signs of neurotoxicosis, which appeared on Day 8, included nervousness followed by apathy, a wide-based stance, trembling, ataxia, reluctance to move, paresis of the lower lip and tongue, and an inability to eat or drink. Euthanasia was performed on the horse on Day 10 while the animal was in a tetanic convulsion. The principal lesions were severe oedema of the brain and early, bilaterally symmetrical, focal necrosis in the medulla oblongata. This report provides experimental evidence that fumonisin B1, produced by F. moniliforme, causes equine leukoencephalomalacia.
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Publication Date: 1988-12-01 PubMed ID: 3217091
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the impact of fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin derived from the Fusarium moniliforme fungus, on horses, demonstrating it causes leukoencephalomalacia, a fatal disease characterized by brain degeneration.

Experiment Overview

  • The research involved administering varying doses of fumonisin B1 mixed with culture material to two horses over distinct periods. The dosage was delivered through a stomach tube.
  • All horses developed noticeable changes in their physical conditions, including hepatosis—liver inflammation—and brain oedema—swelling due to excess fluid.
  • Fumonisin B1 was isolated and purified from the Fusarium moniliforme culture for this experiment. The culture contained about 1 gram of the toxin per kilogram.

Findings and Observations

  • The severity of health conditions differed in the two horses. The horse exposed to a higher dosage suffered severe hepatosis and mild brain oedema. In contrast, the one fed smaller doses demonstrated mild hepatosis and moderate brain oedema.
  • After intravenous injection of the purified mycotoxin into another horse, the symptoms of neurotoxicosis appeared on the eighth day of the experiment. These included nervousness, apathy, muscle tremors, a wide stance, incoordination (ataxia), an unwillingness to move, partial paralysis of the lower lip and tongue, and an inability to eat and drink.
  • The horse had to be euthanized on the tenth day of the test due to a severe tetanic convulsion—a prolonged muscle contraction. Post-mortem examination revealed significant brain swelling and early focal necrosis—cellular death—in the medulla oblongata part of the brain.

Conclusions

  • The results of the experiment suggest that fumonisin B1, produced by the Fusarium moniliforme fungus, is responsible for causing leukoencephalomalacia in horses.
  • These findings are of vital importance as they provide experimental evidence associating the presence of fumonisin B1 in horse feeds and the emergence of potentially fatal equine leukoencephalomalacia.

Cite This Article

APA
Marasas WF, Kellerman TS, Gelderblom WC, Coetzer JA, Thiel PG, van der Lugt JJ. (1988). Leukoencephalomalacia in a horse induced by fumonisin B1 isolated from Fusarium moniliforme. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 55(4), 197-203.

Publication

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0030-2465
NlmUniqueID: 0401107
Country: South Africa
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 4
Pages: 197-203

Researcher Affiliations

Marasas, W F
  • South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa.
Kellerman, T S
    Gelderblom, W C
      Coetzer, J A
        Thiel, P G
          van der Lugt, J J

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Brain / pathology
            • Encephalomalacia / chemically induced
            • Encephalomalacia / pathology
            • Encephalomalacia / veterinary
            • Fumonisins
            • Horse Diseases / chemically induced
            • Horse Diseases / pathology
            • Horses
            • Mycotoxins / toxicity

            Citations

            This article has been cited 123 times.
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