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PloS one2019; 14(3); e0207568; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207568

Lipid classes in adipose tissues and liver differ between Shetland ponies and Warmblood horses.

Abstract: Fatty acids, as key components of cellular membranes and complex lipids, may play a central role in endocrine signalling and the function of adipose tissue and liver. Thus, the lipid fatty acid composition may play a role in health status in the equine. This study aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition of different tissues and liver lipid classes by comparing Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies under defined conditions. We hypothesized that ponies show different lipid patterns than horses in adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Six Warmblood horses and six Shetland ponies were housed and fed under identical conditions. Tissue and blood sampling were performed following a standardized protocol. A one-step lipid extraction, methylation and trans-esterification method with subsequent gas chromatography was used to analyse the total lipid content and fatty acid profile of retroperitoneal, mesocolon and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Fatty acids were grouped according to their degree of saturation and their conjugated double bond into the respective lipid classes. In the adipose tissues, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 MUFAs) were most present in ponies and horses. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), followed by SFAs, were most frequently found in liver tissue and plasma in all animals. Horses, in comparison to ponies, had significantly higher n-6 PUFA levels in all tissues and plasma. In liver tissue, horses had significantly lower hepatic iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) than ponies. The hepatic fatty acid composition of selected lipid classes was different between horses and ponies. In the polar PL fraction, horses had low n-9 MUFA and n-3 PUFA contents but higher n-6 PUFA contents than ponies. Furthermore, iso-BCFAs are absent in several hepatic lipid fractions of horses but not ponies. The differences in fatty acid lipid classes between horses and ponies provide key information on the species- and location-specific regulation of FA metabolism, thus affecting health status such as inflammatory responses.
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Publication Date: 2019-03-21 PubMed ID: 30897169PubMed Central: PMC6428305DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207568Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research compared the fatty acid composition in different tissues and liver lipid classes in Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies. The findings indicated notable differences in lipid patterns between the two breeds, which may influence aspects like endocrine signaling and tissue functionality.

Objective and Hypothesis

  • The study aimed to examine the fatty acid composition in different tissues and liver lipid classes in two different equine breeds: Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies. With fatty acids playing an integral role in cellular membrane composition, endocrine signaling, and tissue functions, this comparison aimed to shed light on their differential impact on the health status of the two breeds.
  • The researchers hypothesized that ponies and horses would exhibit significantly different lipid patterns in their adipose tissue, liver, and plasma under identical housing and feeding conditions.

Methods and Procedures

  • Twelve animals, consisting of six Warmblood horses and six Shetland ponies, were put under identical conditions of feeding and housing.
  • Researchers then collected tissue and blood samples following a standardised protocol.
  • To analyze the total lipid content and the fatty acid profile, the researchers used a unified process combining lipid extraction, methylation, and transesterification, followed by gas chromatography analysis.
  • The tested tissues included retroperitoneal, mesocolon and subcutaneous adipose tissue along with liver and plasma.
  • The fatty acids were classified according to their saturation degree and their conjugated double bond into respective lipid classes.

Findings and Interpretations

  • In both ponies and horses, the most prevalent fatty acids in adipose tissues were saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 MUFAs).
  • Furthermore, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) were found to be the most common in liver tissue and plasma across all tested animals, followed by SFAs.
  • Comparatively, horses exhibited significantly higher n-6 PUFA levels in all analyzed tissues and plasma as compared to ponies.
  • On the other hand, the ponies’ liver tissue contained significantly more hepatic iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) than those of the horses.
  • When looking at the fatty acid composition of specific lipid classes in the liver, differences between horses and ponies were apparent. Horses had lower n-9 MUFA and n-3 PUFA contents in the polar PL fraction, but a higher content of n-6 PUFA than ponies.
  • In several of the horses’ hepatic lipid fractions, iso-BCFAs were absent, contrasting with the ponies.

Health Implications and Insights for Future Research

  • The differences in lipid patterns between horses and ponies may impact cellular functions, endocrine signaling, and, consequently, the overall health status in these equine species. It potentially influences inflammatory responses associated with different fatty acid metabolisms.
  • The findings provide critical insights on the species-specific regulation of fatty acid metabolism, particularly in relation to their physiological environments.
  • These results may inform future research and nutritional approaches for both ponies and horses, potentially leading to improvements in their health status and longevity.

Cite This Article

APA
Adolph S, Schedlbauer C, Blaue D, Schöniger A, Gittel C, Brehm W, Fuhrmann H, Vervuert I. (2019). Lipid classes in adipose tissues and liver differ between Shetland ponies and Warmblood horses. PLoS One, 14(3), e0207568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207568

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Pages: e0207568

Researcher Affiliations

Adolph, Stephanie
  • Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Schedlbauer, Carola
  • Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Blaue, Dominique
  • Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Schöniger, Axel
  • Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Gittel, Claudia
  • University Equine Hospital, formerly Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Brehm, Walter
  • University Equine Hospital, formerly Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Fuhrmann, Herbert
  • Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Vervuert, Ingrid
  • Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Adipose Tissue / chemistry
  • Age Factors
  • Animals
  • Chromatography, Gas
  • Esterification
  • Fatty Acids / analysis
  • Fatty Acids / blood
  • Fatty Acids / classification
  • Horses
  • Liver / chemistry
  • Methylation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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