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PloS one2017; 12(5); e0177675; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177675

Livestock metabolomics and the livestock metabolome: A systematic review.

Abstract: Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to comprehensively measure large numbers of small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues and biofluids. The ability to rapidly detect and quantify hundreds or even thousands of metabolites within a single sample is helping scientists paint a far more complete picture of system-wide metabolism and biology. Metabolomics is also allowing researchers to focus on measuring the end-products of complex, hard-to-decipher genetic, epigenetic and environmental interactions. As a result, metabolomics has become an increasingly popular "omics" approach to assist with the robust phenotypic characterization of humans, crop plants and model organisms. Indeed, metabolomics is now routinely used in biomedical, nutritional and crop research. It is also being increasingly used in livestock research and livestock monitoring. The purpose of this systematic review is to quantitatively and objectively summarize the current status of livestock metabolomics and to identify emerging trends, preferred technologies and important gaps in the field. In conducting this review we also critically assessed the applications of livestock metabolomics in key areas such as animal health assessment, disease diagnosis, bioproduct characterization and biomarker discovery for highly desirable economic traits (i.e., feed efficiency, growth potential and milk production). A secondary goal of this critical review was to compile data on the known composition of the livestock metabolome (for 5 of the most common livestock species namely cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs). These data have been made available through an open access, comprehensive livestock metabolome database (LMDB, available at http://www.lmdb.ca). The LMDB should enable livestock researchers and producers to conduct more targeted metabolomic studies and to identify where further metabolome coverage is needed.
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Publication Date: 2017-05-22 PubMed ID: 28531195PubMed Central: PMC5439675DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177675Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Review
  • Systematic Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper provides a comprehensive review of metabolomics in livestock, a field that helps create a detailed understanding of animal metabolism through the measurement of numerous small molecule metabolites. In particular, the paper identifies emerging trends, preferred technologies, and gaps in this field and presents data on the metabolome composition of common livestock species.

What is Metabolomics and its Significance

  • In this paper, the authors describe metabolomics as a field of study that utilizes advanced analytical chemistry techniques. It allows the measurement of large numbers of small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues, and biofluids.
  • Metabolomics can quickly detect and quantify hundreds or even thousands of metabolites within a single sample. This ability helps scientists get a more comprehensive view of system-wide metabolism and biology.
  • The approach also enables researchers to measure the end-products of complex interactions – including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interactions. As a result, metabolomics is increasingly being recognized as an important “omics” method for both application and research across different fields.

Application of Metabolomics in Livestock Research

  • In the context of livestock research, the study highlights that metabolomics has indeed become a tool of choice. It is now being routinely used prevalent for health assessment, disease diagnosis, bioproduct characterization, and biomarker discovery.
  • It particularly sheds light on highly desirable economic traits such as feed efficiency, growth potential, and milk production. These applications can potentially revolutionize livestock monitoring and provide avenues for more optimized and efficient farming practices.

Livestock Metabolome Database (LMDB)

  • Besides providing a critical review, the authors have also put together a comprehensive and open-access database called Livestock Metabolome Database (LMDB).
  • The LMDB includes data on the known composition of the metabolome of five common livestock species: cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and pigs. This database can guide livestock researchers and producers to carry out more targeted metabolomic studies.
  • It allows them to identify areas where further metabolome coverage is required and helps pave the way for a more nuanced and in-depth understanding of livestock metabolism.

Cite This Article

APA
Goldansaz SA, Guo AC, Sajed T, Steele MA, Plastow GS, Wishart DS. (2017). Livestock metabolomics and the livestock metabolome: A systematic review. PLoS One, 12(5), e0177675. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177675

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 5
Pages: e0177675
PII: e0177675

Researcher Affiliations

Goldansaz, Seyed Ali
  • Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Guo, An Chi
  • Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Sajed, Tanvir
  • Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Steele, Michael A
  • Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Plastow, Graham S
  • Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Wishart, David S
  • Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Databases, Chemical
  • Goats
  • Horses
  • Internet
  • Livestock / growth & development
  • Livestock / metabolism
  • Metabolome
  • Metabolomics / methods
  • Quantitative Trait Loci
  • Sheep
  • Swine

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

This article includes 97 references

Citations

This article has been cited 165 times.
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