Long-Term Outcome of Horses Undergoing Unilateral Mandibular Condylectomy and Meniscectomy for Temporomandibular Joint Disease.
Abstract: There are no reports describing the long-term outcome of sport horses undergoing unilateral mandibular condylectomy with meniscectomy (UMC) for treatment for severe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease (TMD). Whether horses undergoing UMC require a specialized diet, can return to riding with a bit, or return to intended function after surgery is unknown. Unassigned: To determine the long-term outcome of horses undergoing UMC for treatment of severe TMD. Unassigned: A multi-institutional, retrospective study. Unassigned: Medical records obtained from seven equine referral hospitals of horses with severe TMD that underwent UMC were reviewed. Details regarding the presenting complaints, results of clinical examination, findings of diagnostic imaging, surgical technique, and outcome (including long-term follow-up with an owner questionnaire) were recorded. Unassigned: Eleven horses fit the inclusion criteria. Three had severe idiopathic osteoarthritis, and eight had confirmed septic osteoarthritis of the TMJ. The most common post-operative complications were drainage and peri-incisional swelling ( = 5). One horse developed a hematoma at the surgical site because the facial artery was inadvertently transected during the approach, causing the condylectomy to be postponed. All horses were discharged alive from the hospital, and 10 returned to their previous or intended use. All had complete resolution of clinical signs of TMD. One mare was retired from athletic use due to her genetic value as a broodmare. One horse was euthanized 2 years after UMC due to progressively worsening of clinical signs of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO), which were not present before surgery. When available, owner satisfaction of the results of the procedure was excellent. Unassigned: Sample size; multiple institutions; owner bias. Unassigned: Unilateral mandibular condylectomy should not be considered a salvage procedure. Horses treated for severe TMD by UMC can return to their previous or intended level of athletic performance and do not require a specialized diet.
Copyright © 2022 White, Canada, Carmalt, Schumacher, Amitrano, Ortved, Henry, Brounts and Arnold.
Publication Date: 2022-05-02 PubMed ID: 35585863PubMed Central: PMC9108769DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.898096Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research paper examines the long-term outcomes of sport horses that have undergone unilateral mandibular condylectomy with meniscectomy as a treatment for severe temporomandibular joint disease. The findings suggest that horses treated through this procedure can return to their previous or intended level of athletic performance.
Research Purpose and Methodology
The researchers aimed to understand the long-term results of unilateral mandibular condylectomy with meniscectomy (UMC) in treating severe temporomandibular joint disease (TMD) in horses. This was a retrospective study involving multiple institutions. The researchers reviewed medical records from seven equine referral hospitals. The records were for horses that had severe TMD and underwent UMC.
- Information about the presenting complaints, results of clinical examination, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical technique, and outcomes were recorded.
- An owner questionnaire was used for long-term follow-up.
Results and Findings
There were eleven horses included in the study. Among them, three had severe idiopathic osteoarthritis and eight had septic osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.
- The most frequent post-op complications were drainage and peri-incisional swelling.
- Due to an accidental transection of the facial artery during the procedure, one horse developed a hematoma at the surgical site, causing a delay in the condylectomy.
- All horses survived and were discharged from the hospital. Ten returned to their intended or previous usage.
- All the horses showed complete resolution of TMD clinical signs.
- One mare was retired due to her genetic value as a broodmare. Another was euthanized two years post-operation due to worsening clinical signs of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (not present before the operation).
- The study notes that owners who were available reported being highly satisfied with the procedure’s results.
Constraints
Three major limitations are listed in this research.
- Firstly, the sample size is relatively small which may affect the generalization of the results.
- Secondly, the research involved multiple institutions which could add to the variability of the data.
- Lastly, there can be potential bias from the owners which might influence the accuracy of the reported outcomes.
Conclusion
Based on the outcomes, researchers conclude that UMC should not be considered merely a salvage treatment for horses suffering from severe TMD. This procedure allows horses to return to their previous or targeted levels of athletic performance without needing a special diet.
Cite This Article
APA
White SA, Canada NC, Carmalt JL, Schumacher J, Amitrano FN, Ortved K, Henry TJ, Brounts SH, Arnold CE.
(2022).
Long-Term Outcome of Horses Undergoing Unilateral Mandibular Condylectomy and Meniscectomy for Temporomandibular Joint Disease.
Front Vet Sci, 9, 898096.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.898096 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
- Texas Equine Hospital, Bryan, TX, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Clinical Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Large Animal Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Large Animal Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
- Department of Veterinary Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
This article includes 32 references
- Rodríguez MJ, Agut A, Gil F, Latorre R. Anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: study by gross dissection, vascular injection and section.. Equine Vet J 2006 Mar;38(2):143-7.
- Pimentel KL, Carmalt JL. The Frequency of Communication Between the Synovial Compartments of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint: A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographic Assessment.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:753983.
- Adams K, Schulz-Kornas E, Arzi B, Failing K, Vogelsberg J, Staszyk C. Functional anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: Histological characteristics of the articular surfaces and underlining tissues.. Vet J 2018 Sep;239:35-41.
- Moll HD, May KA. A review of conditions of the equine temporomandibular joint.. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the AAEP Orlando, FL: (2002). p. 240-3.
- Witte TH. TMJ pathology: is it real?. Equine Vet Educ (2016) 28:173–4.
- Carmalt JL. Equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease: professional polarity and caregiver bias.. Equine Vet Educ (2015) 27:131–2.
- Smyth T, Allen AL, Carmalt JL. Clinically significant, nontraumatic, degenerative joint disease of the temporomandibular joints in a horse.. Equine Vet Educ (2017) 29:72–7.
- Carmalt JL, Reisbig NA. Arthroscopic treatment of bilateral mandibular condylar cysts and associated osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joints in a horse.. Equine Vet Educ (2021) 1–7.
- Ramzan PH. The temporomandibular joint: component of clinical complexity.. Equine Vet J 2006 Mar;38(2):102-4.
- May KA, Moll HD, Howard RD, Pleasant RS, Gregg JM. Arthroscopic anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint.. Vet Surg 2001 Nov-Dec;30(6):564-71.
- Carmalt JL, Wilson DG. Arthroscopic treatment of temporomandibular joint sepsis in a horse.. Vet Surg 2005 Jan-Feb;34(1):55-8.
- Pimentel KL, Allen AL, Carmalt JL. Developmental orthopaedic disease and early osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint in a 15-month-old Quarter Horse filly.. Equine Vet Educ (2021) 1–8.
- Nagy AD, Simhofer H. Mandibular condylectomy and meniscectomy for the treatment of septic temporomandibular joint arthritis in a horse.. Vet Surg 2006 Oct;35(7):663-8.
- Elzer EJ, Wulster KB, Richardson DW, Ortved KF. Standing Arthroscopic Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Sepsis in a Horse.. J Vet Dent 2020 Jun;37(2):94-99.
- Smyth TT, Carmalt JL, Treen TT, Lanovaz JL. The effect of acute unilateral inflammation of the equine temporomandibular joint on the kinematics of mastication.. Equine Vet J 2016 Jul;48(4):523-7.
- Barnett TP, Powell SE, Head MJ, Marr CM, Steven WN, Payne RJ. Partial mandibular condylectomy and temporal bone resection for chronic, destructive, septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint in a horse.. Equine Vet Educ (2014) 26:59–63.
- Devine DV, Moll HD, Bahr RJ. Fracture, luxation, and chronic septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint in a juvenile horse.. J Vet Dent 2005 Jun;22(2):96-9.
- Frietman SK, van Proosdij ER, Veraa S, de Heer N, Ter Braake F. A minimally invasive partial condylectomy and temporal bone resection for the treatment of a suspected chronic synovial sepsis of the temporomandibular joint in a 3.5-year-old paint horse gelding.. Vet Q 2018 Dec;38(1):118-124.
- Hardy J, Shiroma JT. What is your diagnosis? Rostral luxation of the right temporomandibular joint.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991 May 1;198(9):1663-4.
- Carmalt JL. Temporomandibular joint disorders.. Equine Surgery St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; (2019). p. 1789–93.
- Hellige M. Arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint: a diagnostic challenge.. UK-Vet Equine (2020) 4:131–5.
- Cömert Kiliç S, Güngörmüş M. Is arthrocentesis plus platelet-rich plasma superior to arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial.. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016 Dec;45(12):1538-1544.
- Barber SM, Doige CE, Humphreys SG. Mandibular condylectomy technique and results in normal horses.. Vet Surg (1985) 14:79–86.
- Sanders RE, Schumacher J, Brama PAJ, Zarelli M, Kearney CM. Mandibular condylectomy in a standing horse for treatment for osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.. Equine Vet Educ (2014) 26:624–8.
- Arzi B, Cissell DD, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH, DuRaine GD, Athanasiou KA. Computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint disorders: 58 cases (2006-2011).. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013 Jan 1;242(1):69-75.
- Townsend NB, Cotton JC, Barakzai SZ. A tangential radiographic projection for investigation of the equine temporomandibular joint.. Vet Surg 2009 Jul;38(5):601-6.
- Carmalt JL, Tucker ML. Arthroscopic approach and intra-articular anatomy of the equine discomandibular joint compartment of the temporomandibular joint.. Vet Surg 2020 Oct;49(7):1326-1333.
- Rodríguez MJ, Agut A, Soler M, López-Albors O, Arredondo J, Querol M, Latorre R. Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine temporomandibular joint anatomy.. Equine Vet J 2010 Apr;42(3):200-7.
- Weller R, Cauvin ER, Bowen IM, May SA. Comparison of radiography, scintigraphy and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of a case of temporomandibular joint arthropathy in a horse.. Vet Rec 1999 Apr 3;144(14):377-9.
- Miyamoto K, Vickers R, Ishimaru JI, Ogi N, Kurita K, Goss AN. Effect of unilateral condylectomy on the sheep temporomandibular joint.. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999 Oct;37(5):401-4.
- Miyamoto H, Matsuura H, Jones RH, Kurita K, Goss AN. Unilateral mandibular condylectomy in lambs.. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001 Aug;39(4):304-9.
- Lindahl L, Hollender L. Condylar fractures of the mandible. II. a radiographic study of remodeling processes in the temporomandibular joint.. Int J Oral Surg 1977 Jun;6(3):153-65.
Citations
This article has been cited 0 times.Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
