Analyze Diet
Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde2025; 167(12); 659-667; doi: 10.17236/sat00468

Long-Term Prognosis of Complete Rupture of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon in 25 Horses – A Retrospective Study.

Abstract: A total of 48 horses with unilateral (n = 44) or bilateral (n = 4) overstrain-induced complete rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in the forelimbs were retrospectively analysed. A telephone questionnaire, carried out an average of 5,9 years post-injury, served as a long-term follow-up in 25 horses. The mortality rate associated with SDF tendonitis was 12,0 % (3/25). Superficial digital flexor tendonitis did not recur in 76,0 % (19/25) of the horses, but at least one subsequent episode occurred in 24,0 % (6/25). The results of this study indicate that it is reasonable to treat horses with complete rupture of the SDFT; the prognosis for return to light ridden exercise (81,0 %) or achieving pasture soundness (14,0 %) is good. However, the rehabilitation period is long, a minimum of one year in most cases. This study also highlights the importance of monitoring for recurrence after the initial episode of overstrain-induced complete rupture of the SDFT. Insgesamt wurden 48 Pferde mit einer einseitigen (n = 44) oder beidseitigen (n = 4) durch Überlastung verursachten vollständigen Ruptur der oberflächlichen Beugesehne (OBS) der Vordergliedmassen retrospektiv analysiert. Eine Langzeitstudie von 25 Pferden erfolgte durchschnittlich 5,9 Jahre nach der Verletzung mittels telefonischer Befragung der Besitzer. Die mit einer OBS-Tendinitis assoziierte Mortalitätsrate lag bei der Langzeitstudie bei 12 % (3 von 25 Pferden). Insgesamt zeigten 76,0 % der Pferde (19 von 25) kein erneutes Auftreten einer OBS-Tendinitis, während 24,0 % (6 von 25) mindestens eine weitere Tendinitis erlebten. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung für die Tierärzteschaft sowie die Besitzerinnen und Besitzer, nach überlastungsbedingten vollständigen Rupturen der OBS wachsam gegenüber möglichen Rückfällen zu bleiben. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass eine Behandlung von Pferden mit vollständiger Ruptur der OBS gerechtfertigt ist, da die Pferde eine gute Prognose haben, entweder wieder leichte gerittene Arbeit aufzunehmen (81,0 %) oder zumindest ein lahmheitsfreies Weidepferd zu werden (14,0 %) – wenngleich die Rehabilitation in den meisten Fällen mindestens ein Jahr dauerte. Quarante-huit chevaux au total, présentant une rupture complète unilatérale (n = 44) ou bilatérale (n = 4) du tendon fléchisseur superficiel du doigt (TFSD) des membres antérieurs, induite par une sollicitation excessive, ont été analysés rétrospectivement. Un questionnaire téléphonique, réalisé en moyenne 5,9 ans après la blessure, a servi de suivi à long terme chez 25 chevaux. Le taux de mortalité associé à la tendinite du TFS était de 12,0 % (3/25). La tendinite du tendon fléchisseur superficiel du doigt n’est pas réapparue chez 76,0 % (19/25) des chevaux, mais au moins un épisode ultérieur s’est produit chez 24,0 % (6/25) d’entre eux. Les résultats de cette étude indiquent qu’il est raisonnable de traiter les chevaux présentant une rupture complète du TDFS ; le pronostic de retour à un exercice léger (81,0 %) ou à une bonne santé au pâturage (14,0 %) est bon. Cependant, la période de rééducation est longue, au moins un an dans la plupart des cas. Cette étude souligne également l’importance de surveiller la récurrence après le premier épisode de rupture complète du TFSD induite par un effort excessif. Sono stati analizzati retrospettivamente 48 cavalli affetti da rottura completa, unilaterale (n = 44) o bilaterale (n = 4), del tendine flessore digitale superficiale (SDFT) degli arti anteriori, insorta in seguito a sovraccarico funzionale. Un follow-up a lungo termine è stato effettuato mediante questionario telefonico, in 25 cavalli in media 5,9 anni dopo l’evento traumatico. Il tasso di mortalità correlato alla tendinite del SDFT è risultato pari al 12,0 % (3/25). Nel 76,0 % dei casi (19/25) non si è osservata recidiva della tendinite, mentre il 24,0 % (6/25) ha presentato almeno un nuovo episodio. I risultati ottenuti indicano che il trattamento dei cavalli con rottura completa del SDFT può essere considerato giustificato: la prognosi per il ritorno a un’attività montata leggera è buona (81,0 %), così come quella per il raggiungimento di una condizione di benessere al pascolo (14,0 %). Tuttavia, il periodo di riabilitazione risulta molto lungo, con una durata minima di circa un anno nella maggior parte dei casi. Lo studio sottolinea, inoltre, l’importanza di un attento monitoraggio post-terapeutico per individuare tempestivamente eventuali recidive in seguito a episodi di rottura completa del SDFT dovuti a sovraccarico.
Publication Date: 2025-12-02 PubMed ID: 41327957DOI: 10.17236/sat00468Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Research Overview

  • This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of 25 horses that experienced a complete rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in their forelimbs.
  • The research aimed to determine the prognosis for recovery, recurrence rates, and overall survival more than five years after the injury.

Background and Purpose

  • The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is a critical tendon in horses that supports limb movement and weight-bearing, commonly injured due to overstrain.
  • The study retrospectively analyzed 48 horses; 44 had one affected forelimb (unilateral), and 4 had both forelimbs affected (bilateral).
  • Out of these, a long-term follow-up was conducted on 25 horses using telephone questionnaires about 5.9 years post-injury.
  • The primary objective was to assess mortality related to SDFT injuries, recurrence of tendonitis, and the horses’ abilities to return to exercise or live soundly at pasture.

Methodology

  • A retrospective analysis of medical records identified 48 horses with complete SDFT rupture due to overstrain.
  • Among these, owners of 25 horses participated in a long-term follow-up interview approximately six years after the injury.
  • Information was collected regarding survival, any recurrence of tendonitis, and functional outcomes like returning to ridden activity or pasture soundness.

Key Findings

  • Mortality Rate: The mortality associated with SDFT injuries was 12%, meaning 3 out of 25 horses died related to the tendon condition.
  • Recurrence: No recurrence of SDFT tendonitis occurred in 76% of horses (19/25), while 24% (6/25) experienced at least one further episode of tendonitis.
  • Functional Prognosis:
    • 81% of horses were able to return to light ridden exercise.
    • 14% of horses achieved pasture soundness, meaning they could live without lameness but were not ridden.
  • Rehabilitation Duration: Recovery and rehabilitation were lengthy, often requiring a minimum of one year.

Clinical and Practical Implications

  • The study supports that treatment of complete SDFT ruptures in horses is justified given the generally good prognosis for return to at least light exercise or comfortable pasture living.
  • Veterinarians and horse owners should be aware that although recurrence is not common, it happens in about a quarter of cases, necessitating long-term monitoring.
  • The extended rehabilitation time requires patience and commitment from caretakers to follow through with proper care and gradual return to activity.
  • Early and ongoing vigilance can help identify and manage recurrent tendonitis episodes effectively to improve long-term outcomes.

Conclusion

  • Complete rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses is a serious but manageable injury with an overall good long-term survival and functional outcome rate.
  • Recovery involves a lengthy rehabilitation process, but most horses regain useful function and quality of life.
  • Ongoing monitoring for recurrence is crucial, as 24% of cases may experience further tendon issues.
  • This retrospective study provides valuable guidance for clinical decision-making and owner expectations in managing this tendon injury.

Cite This Article

APA
Stäubli T, Theiss F, Bischofberger A. (2025). Long-Term Prognosis of Complete Rupture of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon in 25 Horses – A Retrospective Study. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 167(12), 659-667. https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00468

Publication

ISSN: 1664-2848
NlmUniqueID: 0424247
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 167
Issue: 12
Pages: 659-667

Researcher Affiliations

Stäubli, T
  • Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Theiss, F
  • Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Bischofberger, A
  • Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / injuries
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tendon Injuries / veterinary
  • Tendon Injuries / mortality
  • Prognosis
  • Horse Diseases / mortality
  • Rupture / veterinary
  • Forelimb / injuries
  • Male
  • Female

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.