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Anatomy and embryology1995; 192(2); 171-179; doi: 10.1007/BF00186005

Lymphoid tissues of the ileum in young horses: distribution, structure, and epithelium.

Abstract: Lymphoid tissues in the ileum of young horses form raised plaques that are macroscopically visible from the mucosal surface. These are termed "ileal lymphoid patches". These patches are variable in size, shape and position within the ileal wall, occasionally lying along the site of mesenteric attachment. Within lymphoid patches, follicles exist in three different morphological forms: follicle/dome structures, proprial follicles, and lymphoglandular complexes (LGCs). In follicle/dome structures, the majority of the follicle lies in the submucosa and merges with a dome in the lamina propria through a gap in the muscularis mucosae. In proprial follicles, the majority, or all, of the follicle is found in the lamina propria, and in LGCs, the follicles lie in the submucosa and communicate with the intestinal lumen via a central invagination of epithelium that extends vertically through a gap in the muscularis mucosae. Follicle-associated epithelium covers the follicle/dome structures and proprial follicles. It consists of enterocytes, cells morphologically resembling M cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, goblet cells, and amine-precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells. The epithelium of LGCs is mainly populated by immature enterocytes, intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells. Cells with coarse, long microvilli are also present. Information regarding the presence of LGCs in the small intestine is scant, but LGCs have been well described in the large intestine of many species. Further investigation will be required to determine if factors exist that are common to both the ileum of the horse and the large intestine of other species to influence the development of LGCs at these specific sites.
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Publication Date: 1995-08-01 PubMed ID: 7486013DOI: 10.1007/BF00186005Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The study delves into the structure and distribution of lymphoid tissues in the ileum of young horses, focusing on variations in the morphology of lymphoid follicles and the cells constituting the associated epithelium.

Lymphoid Tissues and their Distribution

The research examined the ileum, part of a horse’s small intestine, focusing on what are referred to as “ileal lymphoid patches”. These patches, visible on the mucosal surface, consist of varied types, sizes and positions of lymphoid tissues. Understanding their complexity helps in analyzing the immune response of horses’ digestive systems.

  • These lymphoid patches were found occasionally along the mesenteric attachment site, which is where the ileum connects to the abdominal wall to steady the intestines.

Variations in Lymphoid Follicles

Lymphoid tissues encapsulate follicles, and these follicles occur in three main variations in horses which were identified as follicle/dome structures, proprial follicles, and lymphoglandular complexes (LGCs).

  • Follicle/dome structures: These structures mostly occupy the submucosa or the layer beneath the mucosal surface, extending through an opening in the muscular layer to the lamina propria or the supportive tissue.
  • Proprial follicles: Unlike follicle/dome structures, these follicles are wholly or majorly found in the lamina propria.
  • Lymphoglandular complexes (LGCs): These are unique as the follicles in LGCs lie in the submucosa, but they connect with the intestinal lumen via a vertically extending epithelial invagination through an opening in the muscular layer. Though information about small intestine LGCs is limited, their large intestine counterparts are widely documented in numerous species.

Type of Epithelial Cells

The research identified various types of epithelial cells covering the follicles.

  • Follicular structures and proprial follicles are covered by a follicle-associated epithelium comprising enterocytes, M cell-like entities, intraepithelial lymphocytes, goblet cells, and amine-precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells.
  • LGCs, on the other hand, were primarily found to comprise immature enterocytes, intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells. Cells that have coarse, long microvilli were also observed.

This research is an initial inquiry to identify common factors that promote LGC development in the horse’s ileum and other species’ large intestines. This will require further intensive studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Lowden S, Heath T. (1995). Lymphoid tissues of the ileum in young horses: distribution, structure, and epithelium. Anat Embryol (Berl), 192(2), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00186005

Publication

Anatomy and embryology
ISSN: 0340-2061
NlmUniqueID: 7505194
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 192
Issue: 2
Pages: 171-179

Researcher Affiliations

Lowden, S
  • Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia.
Heath, T

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Epithelial Cells
    • Epithelium / ultrastructure
    • Horses / anatomy & histology
    • Ileum / anatomy & histology
    • Ileum / ultrastructure
    • Lymphoid Tissue / anatomy & histology
    • Lymphoid Tissue / ultrastructure
    • Microscopy, Electron
    • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
    • Models, Anatomic

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    Citations

    This article has been cited 5 times.
    1. Wiarda JE, Loving CL. Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the pig intestine: T cell and innate lymphoid cell contributions to intestinal barrier immunity. Front Immunol 2022;13:1048708.
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