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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(5); doi: 10.3390/ani13050809

M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements of Interventricular Septum, Left Ventricular Internal Diameter, and Left Ventricular Free-Wall Thickness in Normal Horses-A Meta-Analytical Study.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic meta-analysis on echocardiographic measurements in normal Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The current systematic meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). All the available published papers on the reference values of echocardiographic assessment via M-mode echocardiography were searched, and fifteen studies were finally selected for analysis. In both fixed and random effect, the confidence interval (CI) for the interventricular septum (IVS) was 2.8-3.1 and 4.7-7.5; for the left ventricular free-wall (LVFW) thickness, it was 2.9-3.2 and 4.2-6.7; and for the left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), it was -5.0-4.6 and -10.0--6.7, respectively. For IVS, the Q statistic, I-squared, and tau-squared were 925.3, 98.1, and 7.9, respectively. Similarly, for LVFW, all the effects were on the positive side of zero, with a range of 1.3-68.1. The CI indicated a significant variation among the studies (fixed, 2.9-3.2; random, 4.2-6.7). The z-values of LVFW for fixed and random effects were, respectively, 41.1 (p < 0.001) and 8.5 (p < 0.001). However, the Q statistic was 886.6 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the I-squared was 98.08, and the tau-squared was 6.6. By contrast, the effects of LVID fell on the negative side of zero, (2.8-83.9). The present meta-analysis provides an overview of the echocardiographic measurements of cardiac diameters in healthy Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The meta-analysis indicates variations in results among different studies. This result should be considered when evaluating a horse for heart disease and each case should be evaluated independently.
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Publication Date: 2023-02-23 PubMed ID: 36899666PubMed Central: PMC10000052DOI: 10.3390/ani13050809Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of echocardiographic measurements in healthy horses. This could be used as a reference for evaluating heart disease in horses.

Research Objective and Methodology

The study’s aim was to offer a comprehensive statistical analysis of echocardiographic measurements in healthy Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The researchers followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology to ensure transparency and thoroughness. They gathered all available previous studies that provided reference values for echocardiographic assessments conducted using M-mode echocardiography. Fifteen different studies were ultimately incorporated into the analysis.

Study Results

  • The researchers shared the values of the confidence interval (CI) for three significant echocardiographic measures: the interventricular septum (IVS), left ventricular free-wall (LVFW) thickness, and left ventricular internal diameter (LVID).
  • In both fixed and random effect models, the CI for the IVS varied between 2.8-3.1 and 4.7-7.5. For the LVFW thickness, the CI ranged from 2.9-3.2 to 4.2-6.7, and for the LVID, it fell between -5.0-4.6 and -10.0–6.7.
  • The researchers also reported the Q statistic, I-squared, and tau-squared for IVS and LVFW. In each case, these statistics help to ascertain the level of variation across different studies included in the meta-analysis.
  • The analysis results showed a significant variation among the studies, indicating disparities in echocardiographic measurements across different studies.

Study Conclusion

According to the results, the study provides an inclusive overview of echocardiographic measurements of cardiac diameters in healthy Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The analysis importantly highlights the variations seen in results across different studies. Therefore, these findings should be taken into account when using echocardiographic measurements to evaluate heart disease in horses, underscoring the need to examine each case independently.

Cite This Article

APA
Marzok M, Kandeel M, Babiker H, Alkhodair KM, Farag A, Ibrahim H, El-Ashker M, Alghuwainem Y, El-Khodery S. (2023). M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements of Interventricular Septum, Left Ventricular Internal Diameter, and Left Ventricular Free-Wall Thickness in Normal Horses-A Meta-Analytical Study. Animals (Basel), 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050809

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 5

Researcher Affiliations

Marzok, Mohamed
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
  • Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt.
Kandeel, Mahmoud
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
  • Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt.
Babiker, Hussein
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Alkhodair, Khalid M
  • Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Farag, Alshimaa
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, Egypt.
Ibrahim, Hussam
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, Egypt.
El-Ashker, Maged
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, Egypt.
Alghuwainem, Yousef
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
El-Khodery, Sabry
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, Egypt.

Grant Funding

  • GRANT AN000558 / Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Wang T, Meng J, Yang X, Zeng Y, Yao X, Ren W. Differential Metabolomics and Cardiac Function in Trained vs. Untrained Yili Performance Horses. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 20;15(16).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15162444pubmed: 40867773google scholar: lookup
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