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Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity2016; 2016; 3718468; doi: 10.1155/2016/3718468

Macroautophagy and Selective Mitophagy Ameliorate Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential in Adipose Stem Cells of Equine Metabolic Syndrome: New Findings in the Field of Progenitor Cells Differentiation.

Abstract: Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is mainly characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, and local or systemic inflammation. That unfriendly environment of adipose tissue has huge impact on stem cells population (ASC) residing within. In the present study, using molecular biology techniques and multiple imaging techniques (SEM, FIB-SEM, and confocal microscopy), we evaluated the impact of EMS on ASC viability and chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, we visualized the mitochondrial network and dynamics in ASC and ASC during control and chondrogenic conditions. In control conditions, ASC were characterized by increased mitochondrial fission in comparison to ASC. We found that extensive remodeling of mitochondrial network including fusion and fission occurs during early step of differentiation. Moreover, we observed mitochondria morphology deterioration in ASC. These conditions seem to cause autophagic shift in ASC, as we observed increased accumulation of LAMP2 and formation of multiple autophagosomes in those cells, some of which contained dysfunctional mitochondria. "Autophagic" switch may be a rescue mechanism allowing ASC to clear impaired by ROS proteins and mitochondria. Moreover it provides a precursors-to-macromolecules synthesis, especially during chondrogenesis. Our data indicates that autophagy in ASC would be crucial for the quality control mechanisms and maintenance of cellular homeostasis ASC allowing them to be in "stemness" status.
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Publication Date: 2016-12-08 PubMed ID: 28053691PubMed Central: PMC5178365DOI: 10.1155/2016/3718468Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research studies the effects of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) on the viability and chondrogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASC) in horses, highlighting mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy mechanisms as significant factors in maintaining stem cell health.

Understanding the Impact of EMS

  • This study is rooted in the exploration of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), a disorder in horses that’s predominantly characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, and local or systemic inflammation. The researchers were primarily interested in how this disease affects stem cell populations within adipose tissue.
  • Observations suggested that EMS deteriorates the living environment for stem cells, potentially disrupting their viability and differentiation into chondrocytes (cells that are integral for cartilage formation).

Exploring ASC Viability and Chondrogenic Differentiation

  • Molecular biology techniques and multiple imaging techniques were employed to determine how EMS impacts the viability and chondrogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASC).
  • Observations of mitochondrial dynamics during the experiments suggested considerable remodeling of the mitochondrial network, with increased fission in comparison to healthy ASC. Fusion and fission activities were detected, primarily during the early stages of differentiation. Morphological deterioration of the mitochondria was also noted in ASC from EMS-afflicted subjects.

Role of Autophagy in ASC Health

  • The study found increased accumulation of LAMP2 along with multiple autophagosomes formations in the EMS-stricken ASC. These autophagosomes were seen to contain dysfunctional mitochondria.
  • The researchers propose this autophagy switch might offer a rescue mechanism that allows ASC to clear proteins and mitochondria impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • The study suggests that autophagy may also provide precursors for macromolecule synthesis during chondrogenesis – the process of cartilage formation.
  • The findings propose that autophagy mechanisms could be vital for quality control and maintenance of cellular homeostasis among ASC and that it could help these stem cells retain their “stemness” status.

Cite This Article

APA
Marycz K, Kornicka K, Grzesiak J, Śmieszek A, Szłapka J. (2016). Macroautophagy and Selective Mitophagy Ameliorate Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential in Adipose Stem Cells of Equine Metabolic Syndrome: New Findings in the Field of Progenitor Cells Differentiation. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016, 3718468. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3718468

Publication

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
ISSN: 1942-0994
NlmUniqueID: 101479826
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2016
Pages: 3718468
PII: 3718468

Researcher Affiliations

Marycz, Krzysztof
  • Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland.
Kornicka, Katarzyna
  • Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland.
Grzesiak, Jakub
  • Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland.
Śmieszek, Agnieszka
  • Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Szłapka, Jolanta
  • Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Adipose Tissue / pathology
  • Animals
  • Autophagy / genetics
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics
  • Cell Proliferation / genetics
  • Cell Shape / genetics
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chondrocytes / metabolism
  • Chondrocytes / pathology
  • Chondrogenesis / genetics
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / genetics
  • Female
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Horses
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / genetics
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism
  • Immunophenotyping
  • Male
  • Metabolic Syndrome / genetics
  • Metabolic Syndrome / pathology
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Mitophagy / genetics
  • Multipotent Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Multipotent Stem Cells / pathology
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Stem Cells / pathology
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.

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