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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2018; 33(1); 233-240; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15350

Management factors and clinical implications of glandular and squamous gastric disease in horses.

Abstract: To date, risk factors for equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) have not been described in Thoroughbred racehorses. Objective: To determine management factors associated with EGGD, identify clinical signs in affected horses, and compare these to equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). Methods: The study was carried out on 109 Thoroughbred racehorses from 8 training yards (3 in the United Kingdom and 5 in Australia). Methods: Gastroscopic examination alongside a questionnaire regarding management, feeding, exercise, and health. Results: Management factors and clinical signs were different for EGGD versus ESGD. Exercising ≥5 days per week was associated with a 10.4 times (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.34-26.9) increased risk of EGGD. Horses racing below expectation were 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.1-16.7) more likely to have EGGD. Trainer was also identified as a risk factor for EGGD. Time in work ≤6 weeks was associated with a decreased risk of ESGD (odds ratio [OR] 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.99). Horses aggressive to humans were less likely to have ESGD (OR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.54). Horses with stereotypies were more likely to have ESGD (OR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.6-15.9). Conclusions: The findings of our study further support the notion that EGGD should be considered as a distinct disease entity to ESGD. Exercising ≤4 days per week could reduce the risk of EGGD. Horses with EGGD are more likely to perform below expectation and, as such, EGGD might be performance limiting in some affected individuals. Stress minimization could reduce the risk of EGGD.
© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2018-11-29 PubMed ID: 30499188PubMed Central: PMC6335573DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15350Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study explores the risk factors and clinical implications of two types of gastric diseases in racehorses, namely equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) and equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). Key findings suggest that frequent exercise, trainer and poor race performance are associated with increased risk of EGGD, while short work time and aggressive behavior towards humans lower the risk of ESGD.

Study Design and Participants

  • The research was conducted on 109 Thoroughbred racehorses from 8 different training yards based in the United Kingdom and Australia.
  • A comprehensive gastroscopic examination was performed on the horses, and a detailed questionnaire was filled out regarding the horses’ management, feeding schedules, exercise routines, and overall health status.

Findings for Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD)

  • The research identified an increased risk of EGGD in horses which exercised five or more days per week. The risk was estimated to be 10.4 times higher compared to horses with lesser exercise engagement.
  • Another prominent risk factor for EGGD was poor race performance. Horses that were racing below expectation were found to be 3.7 times more likely to develop EGGD.
  • The trainer of the horses was also identified as a risk factor, suggesting the role of training practices and techniques in EGGD development.

Findings for Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD)

  • Horses that had been in work for only six weeks or less were found to be less likely to have ESGD, suggesting a negative correlation between the time spent in work and ESGD risk.
  • Interestingly, horses that displayed aggressive behavior towards humans were found to be less likely to develop ESGD.
  • There was also a link found between the development of ESGD and horses with stereotypies (repetitive or ritualistic movements, postures, or utterances), with these horses being five times more likely to have ESGD.

Implications and Suggestions

  • The research further strengthens the understanding that EGGD and ESGD should be treated as distinct diseases with different risk factors and clinical implications.
  • The study suggested reducing the frequency of exercise to less than or equal to four days per week to decrease the risk of EGGD.
  • Given that horses with EGGD are likely to underperform in races, the disease might limit performance in some affected individuals. This suggests an economic and competitive impact of EGGD on the horse racing industry.
  • The researchers also proposed that stress minimization could contribute to reducing the risk of EGGD, reflecting the role of mental health in disease prevention.

Cite This Article

APA
Sykes BW, Bowen M, Habershon-Butcher JL, Green M, Hallowell GD. (2018). Management factors and clinical implications of glandular and squamous gastric disease in horses. J Vet Intern Med, 33(1), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15350

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 233-240

Researcher Affiliations

Sykes, Benjamin W
  • School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
  • Luoda Pharma, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia.
Bowen, Mark
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Habershon-Butcher, Jocelyn L
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Green, Martin
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Hallowell, Gayle D
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

MeSH Terms

  • Animal Husbandry
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Gastroscopy / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Risk Factors
  • Stomach / pathology
  • Stomach Diseases / etiology
  • Stomach Diseases / pathology
  • Stomach Diseases / therapy
  • Stomach Diseases / veterinary
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

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This article has been cited 29 times.
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