Journal of veterinary internal medicine2023; 37(4); 1514-1527; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16734

Medical causes of poor performance and their associations with fitness in Standardbred racehorses.

Abstract: Poor performance is a multifactorial syndrome of racehorses, commonly associated with subclinical disorders, which can be diagnosed by exercise testing. Objective: Describe the prevalence of medical causes of poor performance in Standardbreds unassociated with lameness, and evaluate their relationships with fitness variables measured by exercise treadmill test. Methods: Hospital population of 259 nonlame Standardbred trotters referred for poor performance. Methods: The horses' medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Horses underwent a diagnostic protocol including resting examination, plasma lactate concentration, treadmill test with continuous ECG and assessment of fitness variables, creatine kinase activity, treadmill endoscopy, postexercise tracheobronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and gastroscopy. The prevalence of different disorders was evaluated, including cardiac arrhythmias, exertional myopathies, dynamic upper airway obstructions (DUAOs), exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), moderate equine asthma (MEA), and gastric ulcers (EGUS). The associations of these disorders with fitness variables were investigated individually and using multivariable models. Results: Moderate equine asthma and EGUS were the most common disorders, followed by EIPH, DUAOs, cardiac arrhythmias, and exertional myopathies. Hemosiderin score was positively correlated with BAL neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells; increased creatine kinase activity was associated with BAL neutrophilia, DUAOs, premature complexes, and squamous gastric disease. Treadmill velocity at a plasma lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L and at heart rate of 200 beats per minute was negatively affected by BAL neutrophilia, multiple DUAOs, exertional myopathies, and squamous gastric disease. Conclusions: The multifactorial nature of poor performance was confirmed, with MEA, DUAOs, myopathies and EGUS representing the main diseases involved in fitness impairment.
Publication Date: 2023-05-06 PubMed ID: 37148147PubMed Central: PMC10365054DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16734Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the prevalence of specific medical conditions causing poor performance in Standardbred racehorses unassociated with lameness, and analyses their correlation with fitness variables. These medical conditions, identified through a series of tests, include asthmatic conditions, gastric ulcers, pulmonary hemorrhage, and physical obstructions in the horses’ upper airway.

Research Methodology

  • The subjects of the study were a population of 259 non-lame Standardbred trotters reported for poor performance.
  • Data was collected retrospectively, by reviewing the medical records of these horses.
  • Horses were subjected to a comprehensive diagnostic protocol which encompassed resting examination, plasma lactate concentration, treadmill test with continuous ECG and evaluation of fitness variables.
  • Apart from physical examination, biochemical investigations were also performed such as counting the activity of the enzyme, creatine kinase, treadmill endoscopy, post-exercise endoscopy for upper and lower respiratory tract, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), blood tests, and gastroscopic procedures.

Findings and Inferences

  • The most common disorders causing substandard performance were moderate equine asthma and equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS), followed by exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), dynamic upper airway obstructions (DUAOs), cardiac arrhythmias, and exertional myopathies.
  • The presence of iron-storage protein, hemosiderin, in lung samples obtained from BAL, was linked significantly with a higher level of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells in the BAL.
  • An elevated level of the muscle enzyme creatine kinase was associated with a higher count of neutrophils in BAL, DUAOs, premature complexes in the heart’s electrical activity (cardiac arrhythmias), and squamous gastric disease.
  • A decreased running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L and at a heart rate of 200 beats per minute was associated with an increased percentage of neutrophils in BAL, multiple instances of DUAOs, exertional myopathies (muscle diseases), and squamous gastric disease.

Conclusion

  • The results confirmed that poor performance in racehorses is multifactorial in nature. The principal ailments impacting fitness were moderate equine asthma, DUAOs, muscle pathologies, and EGUS.
  • Fitness can be significantly affected by a range of medical disorders linked to respiratory, digestive, and cardiovascular systems.

Cite This Article

APA
(2023). Medical causes of poor performance and their associations with fitness in Standardbred racehorses. J Vet Intern Med, 37(4), 1514-1527. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16734

Publication

ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 4
Pages: 1514-1527

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
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