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Journal of equine science2019; 30(4); 87-92; doi: 10.1294/jes.30.87

Measuring V̇O2 in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions using dynamic gas mixing with a flow-through indirect calorimeter.

Abstract: Measurements of gas exchange while breathing gases of different O concentrations are useful in respiratory and exercise physiology. High bias flows required in flow-through indirect calorimetry systems for large animals like exercising horses necessitate the use of inconveniently large reservoirs of mixed gases for making such measurements and can limit the amount of equilibration time that is adequate for steady-state measurements. We obviated the need to use a pre-mixed reservoir of gas in a semi-open flow-through indirect calorimeter by dynamically mixing gases and verified the theoretical accuracy and utility of making such measurements using the mass-balance N-dilution method. We evaluated the accuracy of the technique at different inspired oxygen fractions by measuring exercising oxygen consumption (O) at two fully aerobic submaximal exercise intensities in Thoroughbred horses. Horses exercised at 24% and 50% maximum oxygen consumption (O max) of each horse while breathing different O concentrations (19.5%, 21% and 25% O). The N-dilution technique was used to calculate O. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to tested for differences in O between different inspired O concentrations. The specific O of the horses trotting at 24%Omax and cantering at 50%Omax were not significantly different among the three different inspired oxygen fractions. These findings demonstrate that reliable measurements of O can be obtained at various inspired oxygen fractions using dynamic gas mixing and the N-dilution technique to calibrate semi-open-circuit gas flow systems.
©2019 The Japanese Society of Equine Science.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-18 PubMed ID: 31871410PubMed Central: PMC6920056DOI: 10.1294/jes.30.87Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study discusses the successful implementation of dynamic gas mixing in a flow-through indirect calorimeter to measure oxygen consumption (V̇O2) in horses exercising in different oxygen environments. This technique removes the need for pre-mixed gas reservoirs and proves to provide reliable measurements.

Objective of the Research

  • The primary goal of this research was to circumvent the requirement of using large reservoirs of pre-mixed gases for measuring gas exchange in energetic large animals, like horses, by dynamically mixing gases in a semi-open flow-through indirect calorimeter.

Theoretical Framework and Method

  • The researchers employed the mass-balance nitrogen-dilution method to verify the theoretical accuracy and practicality of their measurements.
  • The idea was to evaluate the precision of the technique across various inspired oxygen fractions by measuring the oxygen consumption (V̇O2) in Thoroughbred horses performing exercise at two fully aerobic submaximal intensities.
  • Experiments were conducted while horses exercised at 24% and 50% of their maximum oxygen consumption levels, breathing in different oxygen concentrations (19.5%, 21%, and 25%).
  • To calculate V̇O2, the nitrogen-dilution technique was employed.
  • A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to identify differences in V̇O2 between the different inspired oxygen concentrations.

Results and Findings

  • There was no significant difference in the specific V̇O2 of the horses trotting at 24% of their max V̇O2 and cantering at 50% max V̇O2 across the three different inspired oxygen fractions.
  • Therefore, these findings suggest that reliable measurements of V̇O2 can be acquired at various inspired oxygen fractions using dynamic gas mixing and the nitrogen-dilution method to calibrate semi-open-circuit gas flow systems.

Cite This Article

APA
Birks EK, Ohmura H, Jones JH. (2019). Measuring V̇O2 in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions using dynamic gas mixing with a flow-through indirect calorimeter. J Equine Sci, 30(4), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.30.87

Publication

Journal of equine science
ISSN: 1340-3516
NlmUniqueID: 9503751
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 87-92

Researcher Affiliations

Birks, Eric K
  • Equine Sports Medicine Consultants, DE 19711, U.S.A.
Ohmura, Hajime
  • Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
Jones, James H
  • Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Ebisuda Y, Mukai K, Takahashi Y, Yoshida T, Kawano A, Matsuhashi T, Miyata H, Kuwahara M, Ohmura H. Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1230212.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1230212pubmed: 37671280google scholar: lookup
  2. Ohmura H, Mukai K, Takahashi Y, Takahashi T. Metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle before and after strenuous exercise to fatigue. Sci Rep 2021 May 27;11(1):11261.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90834-ypubmed: 34045613google scholar: lookup
  3. Ebisuda Y, Mukai K, Takahashi Y, Yoshida T, Matsuhashi T, Kawano A, Miyata H, Kuwahara M, Ohmura H. Heat acclimation improves exercise performance in hot conditions and increases heat shock protein 70 and 90 of skeletal muscles in Thoroughbred horses. Physiol Rep 2024 May;12(10):e16083.
    doi: 10.14814/phy2.16083pubmed: 38789393google scholar: lookup
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