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Research in veterinary science2022; 153; 127-136; doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.026

Metabolic profiling of preovulatory follicular fluid in jennies.

Abstract: Follicular fluid is formed from the transudation of theca and granulosa cells in the growing follicular antrum. Its main function is to provide an optimal intrafollicular microenvironment to modulate oocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic profile of preovulatory follicular fluid (PFF) in jennies. For this purpose, PFF was collected from 10 follicles of five jennies in heat. Then, PFF samples were analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and heteronuclear single quantum correlation (2D H/C HSQC). Our study revealed the presence of at least 27 metabolites in the PFF of jennies (including common amino acids, carboxylic acids, amino acid derivatives, alcohols, saccharides, fatty acids, and lactams): 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetate, alanine, betaine, citrate, creatine, creatine phosphate, creatinine, ethanol, formate, glucose, glutamine, glycerol, glycine, hippurate, isoleucine, lactate, leucine, lysine, methanol, phenylalanine, proline, pyruvate, threonine, tyrosine, valine, and τ-methylhistidine. The metabolites found here have an important role in the oocyte development and maturation, since the PFF surrounds the follicle and provides it with the needed nutrients. Our results indicate a unique metabolic profile of the jennies PFF, as it differs from those previously observed in the PFF of the mare, a phylogenetically close species that is taken as a reference for establishing reproductive biotechnology techniques in donkeys. The metabolites found here also differ from those described in the TCM-199 medium enriched with fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is the most used medium for in vitro oocyte maturation in equids. These differences would suggest that the established conditions for in vitro maturation used so far may not be suitable for donkeys. By providing the metabolic composition of jenny PFF, this study could help understand the physiology of oocyte maturation as a first step to establish in vitro reproductive techniques in this species.
Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2022-11-03 PubMed ID: 36356420DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.026Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research paper investigates the metabolic profile of preovulatory follicular fluid in jennies (female donkeys), revealing 27 different metabolites, and discusses its potential implications for understanding and improving equine reproductive biotechnology techniques.

Objective of the Research

In this study, the scientists aimed to uncover the metabolic profile of preovulatory follicular fluid (PFF) in jennies. This fluid is crucial as it creates an optimal environment for the maturation of oocytes (the cells that develop into eggs). By defining the metabolic composition of the PFF, the study provides insights into how this environment may influence oocyte maturation, impacting reproductive success in jennies.

Methods Used

  • PFF was extracted from 10 follicles of five jennies in heat.
  • The samples were then analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and heteronuclear single quantum correlation (2D H/C HSQC) – both robust, non-destructive techniques used to identify and quantify metabolites in biological samples.

Key Findings

  • The analysis identified at least 27 metabolites in the PFF of jennies, including amino acids, carboxylic acids, amino acid derivatives, alcohols, saccharides, fatty acids, and lactams. Such metabolites contribute nutrients to the surrounding follicles, aiding in oocyte development and maturation.
  • The report indicates that the metabolic profile of PFF in jennies differs from that of mares, a similar species often used as a reference for equine reproductive technologies.
  • Moreover, the identified metabolites differ from those found in a commonly employed medium for in vitro (outside the body) oocyte maturation in equids (the horse family), suggesting that the established in vitro conditions may not be as effective for donkeys.

Implications

By providing a distinct metabolic profile of PFF in jennies, this study contributes to understanding the physiology of oocyte maturation in donkeys more precisely. These findings may also pose implications for the development of in vitro reproductive techniques in donkeys, as the established conditions based on mares and certain maturation mediums may not be as suitable. Key differences in the metabolic compositions could mean that tailor-made methods for jennies may be required to optimize success rates.

Cite This Article

APA
Catalán J, Martínez-Rodero I, Yánez-Ortiz I, Mateo-Otero Y, Bragulat AF, Nolis P, Carluccio A, Yeste M, Miró J. (2022). Metabolic profiling of preovulatory follicular fluid in jennies. Res Vet Sci, 153, 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.026

Publication

Research in veterinary science
ISSN: 1532-2661
NlmUniqueID: 0401300
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 153
Pages: 127-136
PII: S0034-5288(22)00356-3

Researcher Affiliations

Catalán, Jaime
  • Unit of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, IT-64100 Teramo, Italy.
Martínez-Rodero, Iris
  • Unit of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
Yánez-Ortiz, Iván
  • Unit of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.
Mateo-Otero, Yentel
  • Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.
Bragulat, Ana Flores
  • Equine Production Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Río Cuarto, AR- X5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
Nolis, Pau
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Carluccio, Augusto
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, IT-64100 Teramo, Italy.
Yeste, Marc
  • Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), ES-08010 Barcelona, Spain.. Electronic address: marc.yeste@udg.edu.
Miró, Jordi
  • Unit of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jordi.miro@uab.cat.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported herein.

Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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    doi: 10.1007/s11357-026-02119-9pubmed: 41632424google scholar: lookup
  3. Gambini A, Smith JM, Gurkin RJ, Palacios PD. Current and Emerging Advanced Techniques for Breeding Donkeys and Mules. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 29;15(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15070990pubmed: 40218383google scholar: lookup
  4. Bresnahan DR, Catandi GD, Peters SO, Maclellan LJ, Broeckling CD, Carnevale EM. Maturation and culture affect the metabolomic profile of oocytes and follicular cells in young and old mares. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023;11:1280998.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1280998pubmed: 38283993google scholar: lookup
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