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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Physiol / Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fati...
Frontiers in physiology2020; 11; 110; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00110

Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training.

Abstract: The athletic horse, despite being over 50% muscle mass, remains understudied with regard to the effects of exercise and training on skeletal muscle metabolism. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we employed an untargeted metabolomics approach to characterize the exercise-induced and fitness-related changes in the skeletal muscle of eight unconditioned Standardbred horses (four male, four female) before and after a 12-week training period. Before training, unconditioned horses showed a high degree of individual variation in the skeletal muscle metabolome, resulting in very few differences basally and at 3 and 24 h after acute fatiguing exercise. Training did not alter body composition but did improve maximal aerobic and running capacities ( < 0.05), and significantly altered the skeletal muscle metabolome ( < 0.05, < 0.1). While sex independently influenced body composition and distance run following training ( < 0.05), sex did not affect the skeletal muscle metabolome. Exercise-induced metabolomic alterations ( < 0.05, < 0.1) largely centered on the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), xenobiotics, and a variety of lipid and nucleotide-related metabolites, particularly in the conditioned state. Further, training increased ( < 0.05, < 0.1) the relative abundance of almost every identified lipid species, and this was accompanied by increased plasma BCAAs ( < 0.0005), phenylalanine ( = 0.01), and tyrosine ( < 0.02). Acute exercise in the conditioned state decreased ( < 0.05, < 0.1) the relative abundance of almost all lipid-related species in skeletal muscle by 24 h post-exercise, whereas plasma amino acids remained unaltered. These changes occurred alongside increased muscle gene expression ( < 0.05) related to lipid uptake () and lipid () and BCAA () utilization. This work suggests that metabolites related to amino acid, lipid, nucleotide and xenobiotic metabolism play pivotal roles in the response of equine skeletal muscle to vigorous exercise and training. Use of these and future data sets could be used to track the impact of training and fitness on equine health and may lead to novel predictors and/or diagnostic biomarkers.
Copyright © 2020 Klein, McKeever, Mirek and Anthony.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-18 PubMed ID: 32132934PubMed Central: PMC7040365DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00110Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the changes in metabolism within the skeletal muscles of horses in response to intensive exercise and training, using a holistic metabolomics approach. The research found that training induced significant changes in the skeletal muscle metabolome, most notably revolving around branched-chain amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides, which are critical in equine responses to rigorous exercise.

Understanding the Research

The research aimed to explore the impact of exercise and training on the metabolic function of a horse’s skeletal muscle. Past studies in this area were significantly lacking, despite the material importance of skeletal muscle in a horse’s overall mass.

  • The study involved eight unconditioned Standardbred horses, divided equally by sex.
  • Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, researchers analyzed skeletal muscle samples taken from the horses before and after a 12-week training period. The aim was to identify changes in the muscle’s metabolic profile due to exercise and training.

Findings on Body Composition and Metabolic Changes

The training program didn’t modify body composition but significantly improved the horses’ aerobic and running capacities. In addition, it led to dramatic alterations in the skeletal muscle metabolome, regardless of the horse’s sex.

  • Initial tests on unconditioned horses showed a high degree of individual variation. This meant there were relatively few differences in metabolic profiles at rest or at 3 and 24 hours after acute exercise.
  • After the training period, almost all identified lipid species saw an increase in relative abundance.
  • Training elevation in plasma BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids), phenylalanine, and tyrosine was observed.

Effects of Acute Exercise

Notably, acute exercise in the conditioned state decreased the relative abundance of almost all lipid-related species in skeletal muscle by 24 hours post-exercise. Simultaneously, plasma amino acids remained unchanged.

  • This highlights the significant role of lipid metabolism in exercise recovery.
  • Muscle gene expression related to lipid uptake and utilization, as well as BCAA utilization, increased significantly after exercise, showing that the body’s response to vigorous exercise involves precise regulation at a genetic level.

Implications and Conclusion

The study suggests that the metabolites connected to amino acid, lipid, nucleotide, and xenobiotic metabolism are pivotal in the response of equine skeletal muscle to vigorous exercise and training. Future research could leverage the data to study how fitness and training impact equine health. This could potentially yield novel predictors or diagnostic biomarkers to gauge the fitness or health status of horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Klein DJ, McKeever KH, Mirek ET, Anthony TG. (2020). Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training. Front Physiol, 11, 110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00110

Publication

Frontiers in physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
NlmUniqueID: 101549006
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 110
PII: 110

Researcher Affiliations

Klein, Dylan J
  • Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States.
McKeever, Kenneth H
  • Rutgers Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
Mirek, Emily T
  • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
Anthony, Tracy G
  • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
  • New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.

Grant Funding

  • R01 DK109714 / NIDDK NIH HHS

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