Metabolomics of tracheal wash samples and exhaled breath condensates in healthy horses and horses affected by equine asthma.
Abstract: The present work characterized the metabolomic profile of tracheal wash (TW) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in healthy horses and horses with respiratory disease. Six asthma-affected horses (group A) and six healthy controls (group H) underwent clinical, endoscopic and cytologic examinations of upper airways to confirm the active phase of asthma. TW and EBC samples were collected from each animal and investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) metabolomic analysis. A total of ten out of 38 metabolites found in the TW were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). Higher concentrations of histamine and oxidant agents, such as glutamate, valine, leucine and isoleucine, as well as lower levels of ascorbate, methylamine, dimethylamine and O-phosphocholine, were found in group A compared to group H. Eight metabolites were found in equine EBC, namely methanol, ethanol, formate, trimethylamine, acetone, acetate, lactate and butanone, previously observed also in human EBC. Despite the fact that this was a pilot study, the results showed that the metabolomic analysis of TW and EBC has the potentiality to serve as a basis for diagnostic tools in horses with asthma.
Publication Date: 2018-09-27 PubMed ID: 30168442DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aade13Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article investigates the difference in the metabolomic profile of healthy horses and horses affected by asthma by examining their tracheal wash (TW) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The study finds significant differences in certain metabolites, with potential for these results to serve as a basis for diagnostic tools in equine asthma.
Objective of the Study
- The primary aim of this investigation was to analyze and compare the metabolomic profile of tracheal wash (TW) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in healthy horses and horses affected by equine asthma.
Methodology
- The study involved twelve horses, divided into two groups (six healthy horses as controls and six asthma-affected horses).
- All twelve horses underwent clinical, endoscopic, and cytologic examinations of their upper airways to confirm the active phase of asthma in the affected group.
- Tracheal wash (TW) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were collected from each horse for in-depth analysis.
- Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) metabolomic analysis was employed to investigate the collected TW and EBC samples.
Findings
- The study identified a total of 38 metabolites in the tracheal wash, of which ten were significantly different between the healthy and asthmatic groups.
- Asthetic horses showed higher concentrations of histamine, glutamate, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, which suggest they carry more oxidant agents compared to healthy horses.
- Healthy horses had higher levels of ascorbate, methylamine, dimethylamine, and O-phosphocholine.
- The study identified eight metabolites in equine EBC, namely methanol, ethanol, formate, trimethylamine, acetone, acetate, lactate, and butanone. These were all previously found in human EBC as well, suggesting potential comparisons between human and equine respiratory conditions.
Implications and Future Directions
- Even though a small pilot study, the results suggest that metabolomic analysis of TW and EBC in horses might serve as a basis for diagnostic tools in equine asthma.
- Further research and larger controlled studies will be needed to confirm these results and determine their clinical utility.
Cite This Article
APA
Bazzano M, Laghi L, Zhu C, Magi GE, Serri E, Spaterna A, Tesei B, Laus F.
(2018).
Metabolomics of tracheal wash samples and exhaled breath condensates in healthy horses and horses affected by equine asthma.
J Breath Res, 12(4), 046015.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/aade13 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Asthma / diagnosis
- Asthma / metabolism
- Asthma / veterinary
- Breath Tests / methods
- Exhalation
- Female
- Horses
- Male
- Metabolome
- Metabolomics / methods
- Pilot Projects
- Principal Component Analysis
- Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Reproducibility of Results
- Trachea / metabolism
- Trachea / pathology
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Zhu C, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Yang Z, Yang F, Yang Y, Tang J, Laghi L. Metabolomic Analysis of Multiple Biological Specimens (Feces, Serum, and Urine) by (1)H-NMR Spectroscopy from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 19;13(4).
- Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Oliver BG, Wang HG, Liu ZP, Chen ZH, Wood L, Hsu AC, Xie M, McDonald V, Wan HJ, Luo FM, Liu D, Li WM, Wang G. Sputum Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Metabolic Pathways and Signatures Associated With Inflammatory Phenotypes in Patients With Asthma.. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2022 Jul;14(4):393-411.
- Morán G, Uberti B, Quiroga J. Role of Cellular Metabolism in the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Airway Diseases.. Front Immunol 2022;13:850416.
- Israr MZ, Ibrahim W, Salzano A, Sarmad S, Wilde MJ, Cordell RL, Greening NJ, Brightling CE, Siddiqui S, Suzuki T. Association of gut-related metabolites with respiratory symptoms in COVID-19: A proof-of-concept study.. Nutrition 2022 Apr;96:111585.
- Zhu C, Tang K, Lu X, Tang J, Laghi L. An Untargeted Metabolomics Investigation of Milk from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis by (1)H-NMR.. Foods 2021 Jul 23;10(8).
- Slowikowska M, Bajzert J, Miller J, Stefaniak T, Niedzwiedz A. The Dynamics of Circulating Immune Complexes in Horses with Severe Equine Asthma.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Apr 2;11(4).
- Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D, Bullone M, Gerber V, Ivester K, Lavoie JP, Martin J, Moran G, Niedźwiedź A, Pusterla N, Swiderski C. Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
- Tran H, McConville M, Loukopoulos P. Metabolomics in the study of spontaneous animal diseases.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020 Sep;32(5):635-647.
- Bazzano M, Laghi L, Zhu C, Lotito E, Sgariglia S, Tesei B, Laus F. Exercise Induced Changes in Salivary and Serum Metabolome in Trained Standardbred, Assessed by (1)H-NMR.. Metabolites 2020 Jul 21;10(7).
- Bazzano M, Laghi L, Zhu C, Magi GE, Tesei B, Laus F. Respiratory metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can differentiate horses affected by severe equine asthma from healthy horses.. BMC Vet Res 2020 Jul 8;16(1):233.
- Zhu C, Fasoli S, Isani G, Laghi L. First Insights into the Urinary Metabolome of Captive Giraffes by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.. Metabolites 2020 Apr 17;10(4).
- Knobloch TJ, Ryan NM, Bruschweiler-Li L, Wang C, Bernier MC, Somogyi A, Yan PS, Cooperstone JL, Mo X, Brüschweiler RP, Weghorst CM, Oghumu S. Metabolic Regulation of Glycolysis and AMP Activated Protein Kinase Pathways during Black Raspberry-Mediated Oral Cancer Chemoprevention.. Metabolites 2019 Jul 11;9(7).
- Zhu C, Li C, Wang Y, Laghi L. Characterization of Yak Common Biofluids Metabolome by Means of Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.. Metabolites 2019 Mar 2;9(3).
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