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PeerJ2022; 10; e13084; doi: 10.7717/peerj.13084

Metagenomic investigation of the equine faecal microbiome reveals extensive taxonomic diversity.

Abstract: The horse plays crucial roles across the globe, including in horseracing, as a working and companion animal and as a food animal. The horse hindgut microbiome makes a key contribution in turning a high fibre diet into body mass and horsepower. However, despite its importance, the horse hindgut microbiome remains largely undefined. Here, we applied culture-independent shotgun metagenomics to thoroughbred equine faecal samples to deliver novel insights into this complex microbial community. We performed metagenomic sequencing on five equine faecal samples to construct 123 high- or medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from Bacteria and Archaea. In addition, we recovered nearly 200 bacteriophage genomes. We document surprising taxonomic diversity, encompassing dozens of novel or unnamed bacterial genera and species, to which we have assigned new names. Many of these genera are conserved across a range of mammalian gut microbiomes. Our metagenomic analyses provide new insights into the bacterial, archaeal and bacteriophage components of the horse gut microbiome. The resulting datasets provide a key resource for future high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies on the equine gut microbiome.
© 2022 Gilroy et al.
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Publication Date: 2022-03-23 PubMed ID: 35345588PubMed Central: PMC8957277DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13084Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research is a comprehensive study into the microbial communities present in the horse gut, using non-culture based metagenomics techniques. The researchers assembled genome sequences from bacteria and archaea along with nearly 200 bacteriophage genomes and discovered an impressive itemization of new or previously unclassified bacteria genera and species, many of which are commonly found in the gut microbiomes of other mammals.

Overview of the Research

  • The study aimed to explore the diverse microbial population in the horse hindgut and understand its role in converting a fibre-rich diet into energy and mass.
  • This was accomplished using metagenomic sequencing on equine faecal samples from thoroughbred horses, a non-cultural method which allows for deeper examination of the hidden microbial ecosystem of the gut.

Findings of the Metagenomic Investigation

  • The researchers succeeded in constructing 123 high- or medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from Bacteria and Archaea – two significant domains of life that comprise the gut microbiome.
  • They also recovered nearly 200 bacteriophage genomes which are viral entities that infect and typically result in the death of bacteria.
  • There was profound taxonomic diversity with new or unknown bacterial genera and species being discovered. These were identified and given new names as part of this research work.
  • A surprising finding was that many of these newly identified genera are also present in the gut microbiomes of other mammals, suggesting a potentially fundamental role in mammalian digestion and metabolism.

Significance of the Study and Future Directions

  • The research provides valuable insights into the bacterial, archaeal, and bacteriophage components of the horse gut microbiome. This directly contributes to the existing knowledge about the equine gut microbiota, which is crucial for overall horse health.
  • The data assembled as part of this study also offer a robust resource for future research. This can involve high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies for a more refined understanding of the equine gut microbiome and its health implications.

Cite This Article

APA
Gilroy R, Leng J, Ravi A, Adriaenssens EM, Oren A, Baker D, La Ragione RM, Proudman C, Pallen MJ. (2022). Metagenomic investigation of the equine faecal microbiome reveals extensive taxonomic diversity. PeerJ, 10, e13084. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13084

Publication

PeerJ
ISSN: 2167-8359
NlmUniqueID: 101603425
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: e13084
PII: e13084

Researcher Affiliations

Gilroy, Rachel
  • Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Leng, Joy
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Ravi, Anuradha
  • Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Adriaenssens, Evelien M
  • Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Oren, Aharon
  • The Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Baker, Dave
  • Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
La Ragione, Roberto M
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Proudman, Christopher
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Pallen, Mark J
  • Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
  • University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Metagenome / genetics
  • Metagenomics
  • Microbiota
  • Bacteria / genetics
  • Archaea / genetics
  • Mammals
  • Bacteriophages

Grant Funding

  • BB/R012504/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • BBS/E/F/000PR10351 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • BBS/E/F/000PR10353 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • BB/R012490/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • BBS/E/F/000PR10356 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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