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Veterinary microbiology2009; 141(1-2); 96-102; doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.009

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel: an investigation of several outbreaks.

Abstract: At the Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Center, the Netherlands, the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates found in equine clinical samples increased from 0% in 2002 to 37% in 2008. MRSA of spa-type t064, belonging to MLST ST8 and spa-types t011 and t2123, both belonging to the livestock-associated MLST ST398, predominated. During an outbreak of post-surgical MRSA infections in horses at a veterinary teaching hospital in 2006/2007, MRSA isolates of spa-type t2123 were cultured from 7 horses and 4/61 personnel which indicated zoonotic transmission. After intervention the outbreak stopped. However, another outbreak occurred in 2008, where 17 equine MRSA isolates of spa-type t011 (n=12), t2123 (n=4), and t064 (n=1) were found. This time, 16/170 personnel were positive for MRSA with spa-type t011 (n=11) and t2123 (n=5). Personnel in close contact with horses were more often MRSA-positive (15/106) than those without (1/64). Screening of horses upon admission showed that 9.3% were MRSA-positive predominantly with spa-type t011. Weekly cross-sectional sampling of all hospitalized horses for 5 weeks showed that 42% of the horses were MRSA-positive at least once, again predominantly with spa-type t011, which suggests that nosocomial transmission took place. Fifty-three percent of the environmental samples were MRSA-positive, including samples from students' and staff members' rooms, and all were spa-type t011. This indicates that humans contribute to spreading the organism. Culturing of samples employing high-salt pre-enrichment performed better than a comparable method without pre-enrichment. Our results show that nosocomial transmission occurs in equine clinics and suggests that personnel play a role in the transmission.
Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2009-08-08 PubMed ID: 19740613DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.009Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the increase in the percentage of equine clinical samples found positive for MRSA at the Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Center, Netherlands, and highlights the role of personnel in the transmission of the bacteria.

Introduction

  • The study is about a rapid increase in cases of MRSA (a type of staph bacteria resistant to many antibiotics) among equine clinical samples at the Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Center in the Netherlands.
  • The percentage of MRSA cases rose dramatically from zero percent in 2002 to 37 percent in 2008. The main types of MRSA involved were spa-type t064, and spa-types t011 and t2123, both of which are associated with livestock.

First Outbreak

  • During a 2006/2007 outbreak at a teaching hospital, MRSA of a specific type (t2123) was cultured from seven horses and four out of 61 personnel.
  • This indicated transmission of MRSA from animals to humans (zoonotic transmission). The outbreak stopped after intervention measures were taken.

Second Outbreak

  • In 2008, another outbreak occurred during which, 17 equine MRSA isolates were found with the majority being of a different spa-type (t011).
  • Of the personnel, 16 out of 170 were found positive for MRSA, with majority having the same spa-type (t011), indicating a probable transmission from horses.

Horses and Personnel

  • Screening on admission revealed that 9.3% of horses were MRSA-positive, predominantly with spa-type t011.
  • Staff members who were in close contact with the horses were more likely to test positive for MRSA compared to those without close contact.

Environmental Factors and Transmission

  • Weekly sampling of all hospitalized horses over five weeks showed that 42% of the horses had at least once tested positive for MRSA, primarily spa-type t011, suggesting a nosocomial (hospital-acquired) transmission took place.
  • More than half of the environmental samples were MRSA-positive, including locations such as the rooms of students and staff members, all with the predominant spa-type t011.
  • This highlighted the role of humans in spreading the bacteria in the environment.
  • Culturing of samples with high-salt pre-enrichment performed better than a comparable method without pre-enrichment. It means that salt-enhanced culturing was more effective in capturing MRSA samples.

Conclusion

  • This research underscores that nosocomial transmission happens in equine clinics, with personnel playing a significant role in the spread of MRSA.

Cite This Article

APA
van Duijkeren E, Moleman M, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Multem J, Troelstra A, Fluit AC, van Wamel WJ, Houwers DJ, de Neeling AJ, Wagenaar JA. (2009). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel: an investigation of several outbreaks. Vet Microbiol, 141(1-2), 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.009

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 1873-2542
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 141
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 96-102

Researcher Affiliations

van Duijkeren, E
  • Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. e.vanduijkeren@uu.nl
Moleman, M
    Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M M
      Multem, J
        Troelstra, A
          Fluit, A C
            van Wamel, W J B
              Houwers, D J
                de Neeling, A J
                  Wagenaar, J A

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Animals
                    • Cross Infection / epidemiology
                    • Cross Infection / microbiology
                    • Disease Outbreaks / statistics & numerical data
                    • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                    • Horse Diseases / microbiology
                    • Horses
                    • Humans
                    • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / classification
                    • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
                    • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / pathogenicity
                    • Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
                    • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology

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