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Transboundary and emerging diseases2019; 66(6); 2311-2317; doi: 10.1111/tbed.13286

Molecular characterization of equine infectious anaemia virus strains detected in England in 2010 and 2012.

Abstract: Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) is a retrovirus with worldwide distribution which is notifiable to the OIE. Despite its importance to the equine industry, most information regarding its biology have been obtained using only two strains (EIAV and EIAV ) from the USA and China, respectively. Recently full genome sequences from Ireland, Italy and Japan have been published; however, this is still not representative of the number of EIAV outbreaks experienced globally each year. The limited availability of published sequences makes design of a universal EIAV PCR difficult, hence diagnosis is solely reliant on serology. Accordingly, it is important to further investigate the re-emerging cases in other areas of the world. Here, we provide information regarding the outbreaks of EIA in England in 2010 and 2012 including the molecular characterization of strains. Full genome was obtained for two symptomatic cases but could not be resolved for the asymptomatic cases. The two British genomes from 2010 (EIAV ) and 2012 (EIAV ) each represent a new phylogenetic group, each differing genetically from the other available full genome sequences by 21.1%-25.5%. That the majority of new EIAV full genome sequences to be published adds another phylogenetic group indicates that the surface of EIAV global diversity is just being scratched. These data highlight that further work is needed to fully understand EIAV genetic diversity, namely the full genome sequencing of EIAV cases from a variety of locations and time points. This would aid both the use of phylogenetics in parallel with horse tracing as the epidemiological tool of disease tracking and the design of a universally applicable molecular diagnostic method.
© 2019 Crown copyright. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases © 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2019-08-07 PubMed ID: 31267701DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13286Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the molecular characterisation of strains of the equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) which were discovered in England in 2010 and 2012, emphasizing the genetic diversity of the virus and the need for further investigation.

Objective of the Study

  • The main objective of this study was to characterize the molecular structure of EIAV strains detected in England in 2010 and 2012. The researchers also wanted to emphasize the extensive genetic diversity of EIAV, which justifies a more comprehensive study.

EIAV and its Impact

  • Equine infectious anaemia virus is a notifiable retrovirus with a global reach that significantly impacts the equine industry. Despite its prevalence, the study states that most of the information regarding the virus is derived from just two strains, one from the USA and another from China.
  • Some full genome sequences from Ireland, Japan, and Italy were recently made public. However, the researchers argue this is not representative of the number of global EIAV outbreaks each year.

Diagnostic Challenges

  • Because of the limited availability of published EIAV sequences, designing a universal EIAV PCR for diagnosis is challenging, making diagnosis mainly reliant on serology.
  • These difficulties underscore the importance of further investigating EIAV cases in different regions worldwide.

Molecular Characterization of EIAV Strains

  • The full genome was obtained for two symptomatic EIAV cases from England in 2010 and 2012. However, this could not be achieved for the asymptomatic cases. These British EIAV genomes represent new phylogenetic groups, differing genetically from available full genome sequences by 21.1%-25.5%.
  • This genetic diversity among EIAV strains suggests that the global diversity of the virus is not fully understood, with the researchers suggesting that “the surface of EIAV global diversity is just being scratched”.

Need for Future Research

  • The study concludes that more work is needed to fully comprehend EIAV’s genetic diversity. This includes conducting full genome sequencing of EIAV cases from a variety of locations and at different time points.
  • Such comprehensive research would assist in disease tracking by using phylogenetics in parallel with horse tracing and aid in designing a universally applicable molecular diagnostic method for EIAV.

Cite This Article

APA
Dorey-Robinson DLW, Locker N, Steinbach F, Choudhury B. (2019). Molecular characterization of equine infectious anaemia virus strains detected in England in 2010 and 2012. Transbound Emerg Dis, 66(6), 2311-2317. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13286

Publication

Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
NlmUniqueID: 101319538
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 66
Issue: 6
Pages: 2311-2317

Researcher Affiliations

Dorey-Robinson, Daniel L W
  • Animal & Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.
  • University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Locker, Nicolas
  • University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Steinbach, Falko
  • Animal & Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.
  • University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Choudhury, Bhudipa
  • Animal & Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • England
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / epidemiology
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genome, Viral
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
  • Phylogeny

Grant Funding

  • SV3300 / DEFRA

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Schwartz EJ, Costris-Vas C, Smith SR. Modelling Mutation in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infection Suggests a Path to Viral Clearance with Repeated Vaccination.. Viruses 2021 Dec 6;13(12).
    doi: 10.3390/v13122450pubmed: 34960718google scholar: lookup
  2. Lupulovic D, Savić S, Gaudaire D, Berthet N, Grgić Ž, Matović K, Deshiere A, Hans A. Identification and genetic characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Western Balkans.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Apr 15;17(1):168.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02849-2pubmed: 33858420google scholar: lookup
  3. Romo-Sáenz CI, Tamez-Guerra P, Olivas-Holguin A, Ramos-Zayas Y, Obregón-Macías N, González-Ochoa G, Zavala-Díaz de la Serna FJ, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra R, Gomez-Flores R. Molecular detection of equine infectious anemia virus in clinically normal, seronegative horses in an endemic area of Mexico.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 Jul;33(4):758-761.
    doi: 10.1177/10406387211006195pubmed: 33797316google scholar: lookup
  4. Malossi CD, Fioratti EG, Cardoso JF, Magro AJ, Kroon EG, Aguiar DM, Borges AMCM, Nogueira MF, Ullmann LS, Araujo JP Jr. High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case.. Viruses 2020 Feb 12;12(2).
    doi: 10.3390/v12020207pubmed: 32059508google scholar: lookup
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