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Molecular detection and therapeutic study of Trypanosoma brucei evansi from naturally infected horses in Punjab, Pakistan.
Abstract: Trypanosomiasis is one of the severe pathogenic infections, caused by several Trypanosoma species, affecting both animals and humans, causing substantial economic losses and severe illness. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular diagnosis and the risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in District Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, blood samples were randomly collected from 200 horses. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors before the sample collection. The microscopy examination through Giemsa staining, formol gel test and PCR techniques were used to find the prevalence. The prevalence was recorded as 22.5% with microscopy examination, 21% through formol gel test and 15.5% with PCR based results. Analysis of risk factors associated with Trypanosoma brucei evansi occurrence was carried out using Chi-square test. It showed the prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei evansi was significantly (p⟨0.05) associated with sex, age, rearing purpose and body condition whereas non-significantly (p⟩0.05) with insects control practices. This study supports the idea that PCR is a sensitive, robust and more reliable technique to diagnose trypanosomiasis. It was concluded that Trypanosoma brucei evansi is widely prevalent in Jhang (Pakistan), highlighting a dire need to develop control strategies and education programmes to control this disease in developing countries.
Copyright© by the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Publication Date: 2022-09-27 PubMed ID: 36155599DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142027Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Blood
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Microscopy
- Molecular biology
- Parasites
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Public Health
- Risk Factors
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The study focuses on the detection and treatment of a disease called trypanosomiasis, caused by the Trypanosoma brucei evansi parasite, in horses in Punjab, Pakistan. This study indicates that the disease is prevalent and is influenced by various factors such as sex, age, rearing purpose, and body condition of animals.
Research Methodology
- The study was conducted in District Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan, focusing on the detection and treatment of Trypanosoma brucei evansi, a parasite causing trypanosomiasis in horses.
- Blood samples were randomly taken from 200 horses, and a questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors prior to sample collection.
- Three methods were used to diagnose the disease: Giemsa staining microscopy, a formol gel test, and a PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) technique.
Detection Results
- Through Giemsa staining microscopy, it was found that 22.5% of the blood samples had Trypanosoma brucei evansi.
- With the formol gel test, 21% of the samples tested positive for the parasite.
- PCR results showed the parasite present in 15.5% of the samples. Despite a lower detection rate, the study regarded PCR as a more reliable diagnostic technique due to its sensitivity and robustness.
Risk Factors
- The Chi-square test was used to analyze the risk factors associated with Trypanosoma brucei evansi prevalence.
- It was found that factors such as the sex, age, rearing purpose, and body condition of the horse were significantly associated with the occurrence of the parasite.
- Insect control practices, however, were found to be non-significantly associated with the presence of the parasite.
Conclusions and Recommendations
- The study concludes that Trypanosoma brucei evansi – and therefore trypanosomiasis – is widely prevalent in Jhang, Pakistan.
- It underlines the urgent need for developing control strategies and educational programs to manage this disease in developing countries.
Cite This Article
APA
Zahoor J, Kashif M, Nasir A, Bakhsh M, Qamar MF, Sikandar A, Rehman A.
(2022).
Molecular detection and therapeutic study of Trypanosoma brucei evansi from naturally infected horses in Punjab, Pakistan.
Pol J Vet Sci, 25(3), 429-435.
https://doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2022.142027 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Pakistan.
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Pakistan.
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Pakistan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Formaldehyde
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Pakistan / epidemiology
- Trypanosoma / genetics
- Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Trypanosomiasis / diagnosis
- Trypanosomiasis / epidemiology
- Trypanosomiasis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Ahmad W, Tipu MY, Khan MUR, Akbar H, Anjum AA, Omer MO. Molecular Characterization, Oxidative Stress-Mediated Genotoxicity, and Hemato-Biochemical Changes in Domestic Water Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Under Field Conditions. Pathogens 2025 Jan 13;14(1).
- Tariq M, Badshah F, Khan MS, Ibáñez-Arancibia E, Ríos-Escalante PRL, Khan NU, Naeem S, Manzoor A, Tahir R, Mubashir M, Ilyas M, Manzoor GA, Said MB. Prevalence of trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi (Kinetoplastea, Trypanosomatidae) in domestic ruminants from Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Vet World 2024 Sep;17(9):1955-1965.
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