FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis / Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in horse sera in Ir...
Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases2020; 72; 101521; doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101521

Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in horse sera in Iran.

Abstract: Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic bacterium that can infect a wide range of animals including horses. However, its circulation dynamics in and through horses are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence of C. burnetii and its genomic characteristics in horse sera samples in the North of Iran (Golestan Province). The samples were collected in 2018 and the age, sex, and breed of each animal were recorded. Nested-PCR was used to detect C. burnetii based on the presence of the transposable gene IS1111. The results showed that 7.50 % (P < 0.05; 95 % CI: 0.5 %-0.12 %) of the examined sera samples were positive for C. burnetii. Based on the resuls, prevalence of C. burnetii in the age groupof < Years 1-5 (p-value 6 years old (p-value <0.05, 95 %, CI: 7 %-19.8 %). In previous studies, it was concluded that the horses' population in Golestan Province should be considered as an important factor in the epidemiology of Q fever and consequently in public health. Further studies should be implemented to evaluate if horses may be relevant indicators of zoonotic risk in urban and suburban endemic areas.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-07-23 PubMed ID: 32721772PubMed Central: PMC7377784DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101521Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the occurrence and genomic characteristics of a zoonotic bacterium, Coxiella burnetii, in the horse population in the northern region of Iran.

Study Aim and Methodology

  • The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and genomic characteristics of Coxiella burnetii, a zoonotic bacterium, in horse sera or blood samples in Golestan Province, located in northern Iran.
  • The researchers collected equine sera samples in 2018 and noted down relevant demographics of the animals, including age, sex, and breed.
  • To detect the presence of the bacterium, the researchers used nested-PCR, a method of utilizing two sets of PCR primers for a single target sequence in two successive reactions. The aim was to identify the presence of the IS1111 transposable gene, which is unique to C. burnetii.

Findings and Results

  • The scientists discovered that 7.50% of the tested horse sera samples had the C. burnetii bacterium.
  • Age appeared to play a role in infection rates, with younger horses (under 5 years old) showing less prevalence of C. burnetii compared to their older counterparts (over 6 years old).

Implications and Conclusions

  • Citing previous studies, the authors postulated that the horse population in Golestan Province could play a significant role in the epidemiology of Q fever, a disease caused by C. burnetii, and consequently in public health considerations. This implies that controlling the spread of this bacterium in horses could have beneficial effects on human health within this geographic area.
  • The team recommended further research to determine if horses could serve as indicators of zoonotic risk in urban and suburban endemic areas. This finding could provide a more proactive strategy in preventing the spread of zoonotic diseases, such as Q fever, by monitoring at-risk horse populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Khademi P, Ownagh A, Ataei B, Kazemnia A, Eydi J, Khalili M, M M, Mardani K. (2020). Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in horse sera in Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 72, 101521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101521

Publication

Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases
ISSN: 1878-1667
NlmUniqueID: 7808924
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 72
Pages: 101521
PII: S0147-9571(20)30110-7

Researcher Affiliations

Khademi, P
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran.
Ownagh, A
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran. Electronic address: a.ownagh@urmia.ac.ir.
Ataei, B
  • Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Kazemnia, A
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran.
Eydi, J
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran.
Khalili, M
  • Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
M, Mahzounieh
  • Department of Pathobiology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Mardani, K
  • Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Coxiella burnetii / genetics
  • Coxiella burnetii / isolation & purification
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horses
  • Iran / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Prevalence
  • Q Fever / diagnosis
  • Q Fever / epidemiology
  • Q Fever / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have not conflicts of interest to disclose.

References

This article includes 43 references
  1. Eldin C, Mélenotte C, Mediannikov O, Ghigo E, Million M, Edouard S, Mege JL, Maurin M, Raoult D. From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change.. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017 Jan;30(1):115-190.
    pmc: PMC5217791pubmed: 27856520doi: 10.1128/cmr.00045-16google scholar: lookup
  2. Honarmand H. Q Fever: an old but still a poorly understood disease.. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2012;2012:131932.
    pmc: PMC3506884pubmed: 23213331doi: 10.1155/2012/131932google scholar: lookup
  3. Porter SR, Czaplicki G, Mainil J, Guattéo R, Saegerman C. Q Fever: current state of knowledge and perspectives of research of a neglected zoonosis.. Int J Microbiol 2011;2011:248418.
    pmc: PMC3238387pubmed: 22194752doi: 10.1155/2011/248418google scholar: lookup
  4. Mitscherlich E, Marth EH. Microbial Survival in the Environment: Bacteria and Rickettsiae Important in Human and Animal Health. .
  5. Agerholm JS, Svejstrup CA, Christoffersen A-B, Agger JFG. Apparent seroprevalence for Coxiella burnetii in the Danish horse population. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 2015;98:26–29.
  6. Agerholm JS. Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals--a critical review.. Acta Vet Scand 2013 Feb 18;55(1):13.
    pmc: PMC3577508pubmed: 23419216doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-13google scholar: lookup
  7. Agger JF, Christoffersen AB, Rattenborg E, Nielsen J, Agerholm JS. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in Danish dairy herds.. Acta Vet Scand 2010 Jan 21;52(1):5.
    pmc: PMC2823749pubmed: 20092653doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-5google scholar: lookup
  8. Agger JF, Paul S. Increasing prevalence of Coxiella burnetii seropositive Danish dairy cattle herds.. Acta Vet Scand 2014 Jul 15;56(1):46.
    pmc: PMC4115160pubmed: 25056416doi: 10.1186/s13028-014-0046-2google scholar: lookup
  9. Paul S, Agger JF, Agerholm JS, Markussen B. Prevalence and risk factors of Coxiella burnetii seropositivity in Danish beef and dairy cattle at slaughter adjusted for test uncertainty.. Prev Vet Med 2014 Mar 1;113(4):504-11.
    pubmed: 24485706doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.01.018google scholar: lookup
  10. Gunther MJ, Heller J, Hayes L, Hernandez-Jover M. Dairy goat producers' understanding, knowledge and attitudes towards biosecurity and Q-fever in Australia.. Prev Vet Med 2019 Oct 1;170:104742.
    pubmed: 31421494doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104742google scholar: lookup
  11. Wood C, Muleme M, Tan T, Bosward K, Gibson J, Alawneh J, McGowan M, Barnes TS, Stenos J, Perkins N, Firestone SM, Tozer S. Validation of an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the detection of IgG antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in bovine serum.. Prev Vet Med 2019 Aug 1;169:104698.
    pubmed: 31311644doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104698google scholar: lookup
  12. Ma GC, Norris JM, Mathews KO, Chandra S, Šlapeta J, Bosward KL, Ward MP. New insights on the epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii in pet dogs and cats from New South Wales, Australia.. Acta Trop 2020 May;205:105416.
    pubmed: 32105667doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105416google scholar: lookup
  13. Berri M, Laroucau K, Rodolakis A. The detection of Coxiella burnetii from ovine genital swabs, milk and fecal samples by the use of a single touchdown polymerase chain reaction.. Vet Microbiol 2000 Mar 15;72(3-4):285-93.
    pubmed: 10727838doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00178-9google scholar: lookup
  14. Marenzoni ML, Stefanetti V, Papa P, Casagrande Proietti P, Bietta A, Coletti M, Passamonti F, Henning K. Is the horse a reservoir or an indicator of Coxiella burnetii infection? Systematic review and biomolecular investigation.. Vet Microbiol 2013 Dec 27;167(3-4):662-9.
    pubmed: 24144862doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.027google scholar: lookup
  15. Massung RF, Cutler SJ, Frangoulidis D. Coxiella Burnetii: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Research of the Q Fever Bacterium. 2012; Molecular typing of coxiella burnetii (Q fever) pp. 381–396.
  16. Mares-Guia MAMM, Guterres A, Rozental T, Ferreira MDS, Lemos ERS. Clinical and epidemiological use of nested PCR targeting the repetitive element IS1111 associated with the transposase gene from Coxiella burnetii.. Braz J Microbiol 2018 Jan-Mar;49(1):138-143.
    pmc: PMC5790644pubmed: 28899604doi: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.04.009google scholar: lookup
  17. Dhaka P, Malik SS, Yadav JP, Kumar M, Baranwal A, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Seroprevalence and molecular detection of coxiellosis among cattle and their human contacts in an organized dairy farm.. J Infect Public Health 2019 Mar-Apr;12(2):190-194.
    pubmed: 30344103doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.10.001google scholar: lookup
  18. Parisi A, Fraccalvieri R, Cafiero M, Miccolupo A, Padalino I, Montagna C, Capuano F, Sottili R. Diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii-related abortion in Italian domestic ruminants using single-tube nested PCR.. Vet Microbiol 2006 Nov 26;118(1-2):101-6.
    pubmed: 16891064doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.06.023google scholar: lookup
  19. Willi Y, Van Buskirk J, Hoffmann AA. Limits to the adaptive potential of small populations. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2006;37:433–458.
  20. Mostafavi E, Esmaeil S, Yaghmaie F. Q fever endocarditis in Iran: a case report. The 2nd Iranian congress of Medical Bacteriology .
  21. Khademi P, Mahzounieh MR, Kahrizsangi AE, Shdravan E. Genomic detection of Coxiella burnetii in goat milk samples in animal farms Khorramabad Township, Iran. Pajoohandeh Journal 2014;19:162–168.
  22. Khademi P, Ownagh A, Mardani K, Khalili M. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in milk collected from buffalo (water buffalo) and cattle dairy farms in Northwest of Iran.. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Dec;67:101368.
    pubmed: 31627037doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101368google scholar: lookup
  23. Khademi P, Ownagh A, Ataei B, Kazemnia A, Enferadi A, Khalili M, Mardani K. Prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in sheep and goats milk in the northwest of Iran.. Int J Food Microbiol 2020 Oct 16;331:108716.
    pubmed: 32521375doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108716google scholar: lookup
  24. De Medici D, Croci L, Delibato E, Di Pasquale S, Filetici E, Toti L. Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for use in combination with SYBR green I real-time PCR to detect Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in poultry.. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003 Jun;69(6):3456-61.
    pmc: PMC161507pubmed: 12788750doi: 10.1128/aem.69.6.3456-3461.2003google scholar: lookup
  25. Dabaja MF, Greco G, Villari S, Vesco G, Bayan A, Bazzal BE, Ibrahim E, Gargano V, Sciacca C, Lelli R, Ezzedine M, Mortada H, Tempesta M, Mortada M. Occurrence and risk factors of Coxiella burnetii in domestic ruminants in Lebanon.. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Jun;64:109-116.
    pubmed: 31174685doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.003google scholar: lookup
  26. Desjardins I, Joulié A, Pradier S, Lecollinet S, Beck C, Vial L, Dufour P, Gasqui P, Legrand L, Edouard S, Sidi-Boumedine K, Rousset E, Jourdain E, Leblond A. Seroprevalence of horses to Coxiella burnetii in an Q fever endemic area.. Vet Microbiol 2018 Feb;215:49-56.
    pubmed: 29426406doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.012google scholar: lookup
  27. Dhaka P, Malik SS, Yadav JP, Kumar M, Vergis J, Sahu R, John L, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Seroscreening of lactating cattle for coxiellosis by trans-PCR and commercial ELISA in Kerala, India. J. Exp. Biol. 2017;5:3.
  28. Esmaeili S, Mohabati Mobarez A, Khalili M, Mostafavi E, Moradnejad P. Molecular prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in milk in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019 Jul;51(6):1345-1355.
    pubmed: 30746592doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01807-3google scholar: lookup
  29. Leon A, Richard E, Fortier C, Laugier C, Fortier G, Pronost S. Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii and Neospora caninum in equine aborted foetuses and neonates.. Prev Vet Med 2012 Apr 1;104(1-2):179-83.
    pubmed: 22130310doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.11.001google scholar: lookup
  30. Runge M, Hilbert A, Henning K. Contribution to the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii-infection in horses. Praktische Tierarzt 2012;93:220–222.
  31. Račić I, Spičić S, Galov A, Duvnjak S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Vujnović A, Habrun B, Cvetnić Z. Identification of Coxiella burnetii genotypes in Croatia using multi-locus VNTR analysis.. Vet Microbiol 2014 Oct 10;173(3-4):340-7.
    pubmed: 25213233doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.016google scholar: lookup
  32. Pan L, Zhang L, Fan D, Zhang X, Liu H, Lu Q, Xu Q. Rapid, simple and sensitive detection of Q fever by loop-mediated isothermal amplification of the htpAB gene.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7(5):e2231.
    pmc: PMC3656153pubmed: 23696915doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002231google scholar: lookup
  33. Roest HI, van Solt CB, Tilburg JJ, Klaassen CH, Hovius EK, Roest FT, Vellema P, van den Brom R, van Zijderveld FG. Search for possible additional reservoirs for human Q fever, The Netherlands.. Emerg Infect Dis 2013 May;19(5):834-5.
    pmc: PMC3647510pubmed: 23697680doi: 10.3201/eid1905.121489google scholar: lookup
  34. Tozer SJ, Lambert SB, Strong CL, Field HE, Sloots TP, Nissen MD. Potential animal and environmental sources of Q fever infection for humans in Queensland.. Zoonoses Public Health 2014 Mar;61(2):105-12.
    pubmed: 23663407doi: 10.1111/zph.12051google scholar: lookup
  35. Guatteo R, Seegers H, Taurel AF, Joly A, Beaudeau F. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in domestic ruminants: a critical review.. Vet Microbiol 2011 Apr 21;149(1-2):1-16.
    pubmed: 21115308doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.10.007google scholar: lookup
  36. Georgiev M, Afonso A, Neubauer H, Needham H, Thiery R, Rodolakis A, Roest H, Stark K, Stegeman J, Vellema P, van der Hoek W, More S. Q fever in humans and farm animals in four European countries, 1982 to 2010.. Euro Surveill 2013 Feb 21;18(8).
    pubmed: 23449232
  37. Berri M, Rousset E, Champion JL, Russo P, Rodolakis A. Goats may experience reproductive failures and shed Coxiella burnetii at two successive parturitions after a Q fever infection.. Res Vet Sci 2007 Aug;83(1):47-52.
    pubmed: 17187835doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.11.001google scholar: lookup
  38. Rodolakis A, Berri M, Héchard C, Caudron C, Souriau A, Bodier CC, Blanchard B, Camuset P, Devillechaise P, Natorp JC, Vadet JP, Arricau-Bouvery N. Comparison of Coxiella burnetii shedding in milk of dairy bovine, caprine, and ovine herds.. J Dairy Sci 2007 Dec;90(12):5352-60.
    pubmed: 18024725doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-815google scholar: lookup
  39. Karagiannis I, Schimmer B, Van Lier A, Timen A, Schneeberger P, Van Rotterdam B, De Bruin A, Wijkmans C, Rietveld A, Van Duynhoven Y. Investigation of a Q fever outbreak in a rural area of The Netherlands.. Epidemiol Infect 2009 Sep;137(9):1283-94.
    pubmed: 19161644doi: 10.1017/s0950268808001908google scholar: lookup
  40. Filioussis G, Theodoridis A, Papadopoulos D, Gelasakis AI, Vouraki S, Bramis G, Arsenos G. Serological prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in dairy goats and ewes diagnosed with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Greece.. Ann Agric Environ Med 2017 Dec 23;24(4):702-705.
    pubmed: 29284250doi: 10.26444/aaem/80706google scholar: lookup
  41. Li J, Li Y, Moumouni PFA, Lee SH, Galon EM, Tumwebaze MA, Yang H, Huercha, Liu M, Guo H, Gao Y, Benedicto B, Zhang W, Fan X, Chahan B, Xuan X. First description of Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia spp. infection and molecular detection of piroplasma co-infecting horses in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.. Parasitol Int 2020 Jun;76:102028.
    pubmed: 31759172doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102028google scholar: lookup
  42. Fournier PE, Marrie TJ, Raoult D. Diagnosis of Q fever.. J Clin Microbiol 1998 Jul;36(7):1823-34.
    pmc: PMC104936pubmed: 9650920doi: 10.1128/jcm.36.7.1823-1834.1998google scholar: lookup
  43. Anderson A, Bijlmer H, Fournier PE, Graves S, Hartzell J, Kersh GJ, Limonard G, Marrie TJ, Massung RF, McQuiston JH, Nicholson WL, Paddock CD, Sexton DJ. Diagnosis and management of Q fever--United States, 2013: recommendations from CDC and the Q Fever Working Group.. MMWR Recomm Rep 2013 Mar 29;62(RR-03):1-30.
    pubmed: 23535757

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Galon EM, Macalanda AM, Garcia MM, Ibasco CJ, Garvida A, Ji S, Zafar I, Hasegawa Y, Liu M, Ybañez RH, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Ybañez A, Claveria F, Xuan X. Molecular Identification of Selected Tick-Borne Protozoan and Bacterial Pathogens in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Cavite, Philippines.. Pathogens 2021 Oct 13;10(10).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101318pubmed: 34684266google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,383 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.