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PloS one2016; 11(1); e0146034; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146034

Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Australian Veterinarians.

Abstract: This work investigated the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from veterinarians in Australia in 2009. The collection (n = 44) was subjected to extensive molecular typing (MLST, spa, SCCmec, dru, PFGE, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genotyping) and antimicrobial resistance phenotyping by disk diffusion. MRSA was isolated from Australian veterinarians representing various occupational emphases. The isolate collection was dominated by MRSA strains belonging to clonal complex (CC) 8 and multilocus sequence type (ST) 22. CC8 MRSA (ST8-IV [2B], spa t064; and ST612-IV [2B], spa variable,) were strongly associated with equine practice veterinarians (OR = 17.5, 95% CI = 3.3-92.5, P < 0.001) and were often resistant to gentamicin and rifampicin. ST22-IV [2B], spa variable, were strongly associated with companion animal practice veterinarians (OR = 52.5, 95% CI = 5.2-532.7, P < 0.001) and were resistant to ciprofloxacin. A single pig practice veterinarian carried ST398-V [5C2], spa t1451. Equine practice and companion animal practice veterinarians frequently carried multiresistant-CC8 and ST22 MRSA, respectively, whereas only a single swine specialist carried MRSA ST398. The presence of these strains in veterinarians may be associated with specific antimicrobial administration practices in each animal species.
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Publication Date: 2016-01-06 PubMed ID: 26735694PubMed Central: PMC4703204DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146034Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the types and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria found in veterinarians in Australia. The findings indicate that the type of MRSA strain often corresponds with the veterinarian’s animal specialty and that these strains are often resistant to multiple antibiotics.

Research Purpose and Methodology

  • The main goal of this research was to explore the molecular epidemiology and antibacterial resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in veterinarians in Australia. This is significant because MRSA is a type of bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics, and it can pose significant health risks.
  • The researchers attained a sizeable collection of 44 MRSA samples from different veterinarians throughout Australia.
  • These samples were subjected to different molecular typing methods like MLST, spa, SCCmec, dru, PFGE, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genotyping in an attempt to identify the different strains of MRSA present.
  • In addition to molecular typing, the samples were also phenotyped for antibacterial resistance using disk diffusion.

Findings

  • The most common types of MRSA strains found were from the clonal complex (CC) 8 and multilocus sequence type (ST) 22.
  • CC8 MRSA strains were predominantly found in veterinarians whose practice focuses on equines (horses), and these strains were usually resistant to important antibiotics such as gentamicin and rifampicin.
  • On the other hand, ST22 MRSA strains were commonly found in veterinarians dealing with companion animals like dogs and cats. These strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin.
  • Interestingly, only one pig veterinary practitioner was found to be carrying ST398-V type of MRSA.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The widespread prevalence of MRSA and their varying resistance to different antibiotics among veterinarians revealed in this research is concerning. The presence of different strains in veterinarians specialising in different animal species suggests that these strains may have emerged due to specific antibiotic usage practices in each animal species.
  • These findings highlight the need for further research into antibiotic usage and resistance development in different types of veterinary practices. It also implies the need for implementing more effective control strategies to prevent the spread of MRSA and other antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
  • The fact that equine and companion animal practitioners were frequently found to be carriers of multidrug-resistant MRSA is alarming as these veterinarians can potentially serve as a conduit for the spread of these dangerous bacteria to other animals and even to humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Groves MD, Crouch B, Coombs GW, Jordan D, Pang S, Barton MD, Giffard P, Abraham S, Trott DJ. (2016). Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Australian Veterinarians. PLoS One, 11(1), e0146034. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146034

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: e0146034
PII: e0146034

Researcher Affiliations

Groves, Mitchell D
  • School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
Crouch, Bethany
  • School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Coombs, Geoffrey W
  • School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
  • Department of Microbiology, Path West Laboratory Medicine, WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Jordan, David
  • School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
  • New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia.
Pang, Stanley
  • School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
  • Department of Microbiology, Path West Laboratory Medicine, WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Barton, Mary D
  • School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Giffard, Phil
  • Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
Abraham, Sam
  • School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
Trott, Darren J
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Australia
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Ciprofloxacin / pharmacology
  • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
  • Genotype
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / genetics
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Multilocus Sequence Typing
  • Odds Ratio
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Penicillin-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • Phenotype
  • Swine
  • Veterinarians

Conflict of Interest Statement

S. A. and D. J. T. have received funding from Zoetis and Novartis in the past. The authors confirm that that the conflict of interest does not alter their adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

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