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Parasites & vectors2009; 2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2); S5; doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S5

Moxidectin: a review of chemistry, pharmacokinetics and use in horses.

Abstract: This article reviews the current knowledge of the use of moxidectin (MOX) in horses, including its mode of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy, safety and resistance profile.Moxidectin is a second generation macrocyclic lactone (ML) with potent endectocide activity. It is used for parasite control in horses in an oral gel formulation. The principal mode of action of MOX and of other MLs is binding to gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) and glutamate-gated chloride channels. Moxidectin is different from other MLs in that it is a poor substrate for P-glycoproteins (P-gps) and therefore less susceptible to elimination from parasite cells through this mechanism. Due to its unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, MOX provides broad distribution into tissues, long half-life, significant residual antiparasitic activity, and high efficacy against encysted cyathostomin larvae. These characteristics allow for high efficacy and longer treatment interval against all important nematodes, when compared to other equine anthelmintics. A combination of MOX with praziquantel provides expanded spectrum of activity by adding activity against cestodes. Appropriate use of MOX allows for the development of strategic anthelmintic programmes that are different from those with conventional anthelmintics. Fewer treatments are required over a period of time, and therefore impose less frequent selection pressure for resistance.
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Publication Date: 2009-09-25 PubMed ID: 19778466PubMed Central: PMC2751841DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S5Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of the chemical compound moxidectin (MOX) and its application in parasite control in horses, with a particular focus on its superior efficacy, safety, and resistance profile.

Moxdectin’s Unique Characteristics

  • Moxidectin, a macrocyclic lactone (ML) with potent endectocide activity, is utilised for controlling parasites in horses. This article highlights that its mode of action primarily involves binding to gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) and glutamate-gated chloride channels.
  • One aspect that distinguishes moxidectin from other macrocyclic lactones is that it is not a good substrate for P-glycoproteins (P-gps). This means it is less susceptible to being eliminated from parasite cells through this mechanism, providing a competitive advantage.

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties

  • The paper emphasises moxidectin’s unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties which make it an effective antiparasitic compound. These include a broad distribution into tissues, a long half-life, and significant residual antiparasitic activity.
  • Moxidectin is reported to show high efficacy against encysted cyathostomin larvae. Due to these characteristics, it offers high efficacy and a longer treatment span against all significant nematodes than other equine anthelmintics.

Expanded Spectrum of Activity

  • By combining moxidectin with praziquantel, its spectrum of activity can be broadened to include cestodes.
  • This means it can target a wider range of parasites, making it an optimal choice for anthelmintic treatment.

Development of Strategic Anthelmintic Programmes

  • The use of moxidectin can be pivotal in creating strategic anthelmintic programmes, differing from those that depend on conventional anthelmintics.
  • Due to its prolonged efficacy and superior properties, fewer treatments are required over a certain period, thereby reducing the frequent selection pressure for resistance.
  • This is significant as it contributes to the sustainability of parasite control programmes in horses, thereby ensuring long-term positive impacts on horse health.

Cite This Article

APA
Cobb R, Boeckh A. (2009). Moxidectin: a review of chemistry, pharmacokinetics and use in horses. Parasit Vectors, 2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S5

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 2 Suppl 2
Issue: Suppl 2
Pages: S5

Researcher Affiliations

Cobb, Rami
  • Fort Dodge Animal Health, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA. cobbr@pt.fdah.com.
Boeckh, Albert

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