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BMC microbiology2014; 14; 187; doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-187

Multiresistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from humans, companion animals and horses in central Hesse, Germany.

Abstract: Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are an emerging problem in human and veterinary medicine. This study focused on comparative molecular characterization of β-lactamase and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from central Hesse in Germany. Isolates originated from humans, companion animals (dogs and cats) and horses. Results: In this study 153 (83.6%) of the human isolates (n = 183) and 163 (91.6%) of the animal isolates (n = 178) were confirmed as ESBL producers by PCR and subsequent sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Predominant ESBL subtypes in human and animal samples were CTX-M-15 (49.3%) and CTX-M-1 (25.8%) respectively. Subtype blaCTX-M-2 was found almost exclusively in equine and was absent from human isolates. The carbapenemase OXA-48 was detected in 19 ertapenem-resistant companion animal isolates in this study. The Plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene aac('6)-Ib-cr was the most frequently detected antibiotic- resistance gene present in 27.9% of the human and 36.9% of the animal ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Combinations of two or up to six different resistance genes (penicillinases, ESBLs and PMQR) were detected in 70% of all isolates investigated. The most frequent species in this study was Escherichia coli (74%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.5%), and Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%). Investigation of Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups revealed underrepresentation of group B2 within the animal isolates. Conclusions: Isolates from human, companion animals and horses shared several characteristics regarding presence of ESBL, PMQR and combination of different resistance genes. The results indicate active transmission and dissemination of multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among human and animal populations.
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Publication Date: 2014-07-12 PubMed ID: 25014994PubMed Central: PMC4105247DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-187Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research points to a widespread problem of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, with 83.6% of human samples and 91.6% of animal samples tested in central Hesse, Germany producing enzymes that break down antibiotics. The study also found high rates of antibiotic-resistant genes, indicative of active transmission of these highly-resistant bacteria among humans and animals.

Study Background

  • This study probes the molecular characteristics of β-lactamase and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in central Hesse in Germany. This comes in the backdrop of increasingly common Gram-negative bacteria that produce ESBLs – enzymes that dismantle antibiotics and render them ineffective.
  • These isolates came from a diverse sample population comprising humans, pets (dogs and cats), and horses.

Findings

  • Out of the test samples, 83.6% of human isolates and 91.6% of animal isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using PCR and subsequent sequencing of the PCR amplicons.
  • ESBL subtypes in samples revealed CTX-M-15 was dominant in human samples at 49.3%, while CTX-M-1 appeared in 25.8% of the animal samples.
  • blaCTX-M-2, another ESBL subtype, surfaced almost exclusively in horses, and was not present in human samples.
  • The carbapenemase OXA-48 was detected in 19 ertapenem-resistant isolates from pets. This enzyme can deactivate carbapenems, a group of antibiotics usually reserved for treating severe or high-risk bacterial infections.
  • The Plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene, aac(‘6)-Ib-cr, which leads to antibiotic resistance, was the most prevalent. It was found in 27.9% of human and 36.9% of animal isolates resistant to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin.
  • 70% of all isolates showed combinations of between two and six different resistance genes (including penicillinases, ESBLs, and PMQRs).
  • Escherichia coli was the most common species encountered at 74%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae at 17.5%, and Enterobacter cloacae at 4.2%.

Implications & Conclusion

  • The study discovered that human, pet, and horse isolates exhibited several common characteristics regarding the presence of ESBLs, PMQRs, and the combination of varying resistance genes.
  • The results suggest ongoing transmission and spread of multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among both human and animal populations. This raises significant concerns about the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the difficulties faced in its containment and treatment.

Cite This Article

APA
Schmiedel J, Falgenhauer L, Domann E, Bauerfeind R, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Imirzalioglu C, Chakraborty T. (2014). Multiresistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from humans, companion animals and horses in central Hesse, Germany. BMC Microbiol, 14, 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-187

Publication

BMC microbiology
ISSN: 1471-2180
NlmUniqueID: 100966981
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Pages: 187

Researcher Affiliations

Schmiedel, Judith
    Falgenhauer, Linda
      Domann, Eugen
        Bauerfeind, Rolf
          Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen
            Imirzalioglu, Can
            • Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Can.imirzalioglu@mikrobio.med.uni-giessen.de.
            Chakraborty, Trinad

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • DNA, Bacterial / chemistry
              • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
              • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
              • Enterobacteriaceae / drug effects
              • Enterobacteriaceae / enzymology
              • Enterobacteriaceae / isolation & purification
              • Genotype
              • Germany
              • Horses
              • Humans
              • Pets
              • Polymerase Chain Reaction
              • Sequence Analysis, DNA
              • beta-Lactamases / genetics

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