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PloS one2018; 13(9); e0203467; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203467

Muscle glycogen concentrations and response to diet and exercise regimes in Warmblood horses with type 2 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy.

Abstract: Type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1) is a glycogen storage disorder of known cause whereas the basis for type 2 PSSM (PSSM2) is unknown. The same diet and exercise regime prescribed for PSSM1 is recommended for PSSM2; however, the benefit of these recommendations for PSSM2 is undocumented. The objectives of this study were to determine traits of PSSM2 Warmblood horses (WB), determine the changes in exercise responses that occur with a recommended low-starch/fat-supplemented diet and exercise regime, and determine if glycogen concentrations correspond to the severity of signs. Owners of PSSM2 WB (2008-2016), completed a retrospective questionnaire regarding their horse. Glycogen concentrations were analyzed in skeletal muscle of PSSM2 WB (n = 36) obtained prior to recommendations and in control WB with no evident myopathy (n = 23). Chi-square, Fisher's exact, McNemar's tests with Bonferroni correction and Mann Whitney testing were utilized. Abnormal exercise responses reported by owners, began at approximately 6 years of age and included a decline in performance, a reluctance to collect and reluctance to go forward in over 50% of horses. With the recommended diet and exercise regime, 80% of PSSM2 WB owners reported an overall improvement with significant decreases in the proportion of horses showing a decline in performance and rhabdomyolysis. However, 53% of PSSM2 WB were still not advancing as expected with reluctance to go forward and collect persisting in approximately one third of horses. Median muscle glycogen concentrations did not differ between PSSM2 WB and WB with no evident myopathy. PSSM2 WB with the highest glycogen concentrations were significantly more likely to show a decline in performance than those with lower glycogen concentrations. In conclusion, diet and exercise recommendations ideal for PSSM1 improve but do not eliminate the decline in performance and reluctance to go forward under saddle characteristic of PSSM2.
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Publication Date: 2018-09-05 PubMed ID: 30183782PubMed Central: PMC6124783DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203467Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigated the effect of diet and exercise on Warmblood horses suffering from type 2 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM2), a glycogen storage disorder. It was observed that the affected horses benefited from a recommended low-starch and fat-supplemented diet along with exercise, although problems like performance decline and reluctance to move forward persisted in some cases.

Objectives and Procedures

  • The research aimed to delve into characteristics of PSSM2 in Warmblood horses, observe the changes in their exercise response to a prescribed, low-starch, fat-supplemented diet and exercise regime and determine the impact of glycogen concentrations on the severity of symptoms.
  • PSSM2 horse owners were asked to fill a retrospective questionnaire about their horses. The glycogen concentrations in the skeletal muscle of these horses were analyzed. This group was compared with a control group of Warmblood horses that didn’t show any signs of myopathy.
  • The statistical tests used for the study included Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, McNemar’s tests with a Bonferroni correction, and Mann Whitney testing.

Findings

  • Owners reported abnormal exercise responses, such as a decline in performance and reluctance to collect and move forward, starting at approximately 6 years of age in over half of the horses.
  • After implementing the recommended diet and exercise regime, 80% of PSSM2 horse owners reported an overall improvement with a significant drop in the proportion of horses showing performance decline and suffering from rhabdomyolysis.
  • Despite these improvements, about 53% of PSSM2 horses didn’t make expected progress, showing continued reluctance to move forward and gather – an issue that persisted in roughly a third of horses.
  • There were no significant differences in muscle glycogen concentrations between PSSM2 horses and those with no evident myopathy.
  • PSSM2 horses having the highest glycogen concentrations were more likely to experience a performance downfall compared to horses with lower glycogen concentrations.

Conclusion

  • The researchers concluded that while the diet and exercise regime suitable for horses with type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1) does lead to some improvement, it’s not sufficient to entirely counterbalance the performance issues and reluctance to move forward often exhibited by horses with PSSM2.

Cite This Article

APA
Williams ZJ, Bertels M, Valberg SJ. (2018). Muscle glycogen concentrations and response to diet and exercise regimes in Warmblood horses with type 2 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy. PLoS One, 13(9), e0203467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203467

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 9
Pages: e0203467
PII: e0203467

Researcher Affiliations

Williams, Zoë J
  • McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
Bertels, Megan
  • McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
Valberg, Stephanie J
  • McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Animal Feed
  • Animals
  • Glycogen / metabolism
  • Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / metabolism
  • Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / physiopathology
  • Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / therapy
  • Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
  • Muscular Diseases / metabolism
  • Muscular Diseases / physiopathology
  • Muscular Diseases / therapy
  • Muscular Diseases / veterinary
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • Starch / pharmacology

Conflict of Interest Statement

Williams, Bertels – no conflicts of interest. Valberg and colleagues license the PSSM1 genetic test and receive royalties from the test. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Williams ZJ, Velez-Irizarry D, Gardner K, Valberg SJ. Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic profiling identifies aberrant gene and protein expression in the sarcomere, mitochondrial complex I, and the extracellular matrix in Warmblood horses with myofibrillar myopathy. BMC Genomics 2021 Jun 11;22(1):438.
    doi: 10.1186/s12864-021-07758-0pubmed: 34112090google scholar: lookup
  2. Williams ZJ, Velez-Irizarry D, Petersen JL, Ochala J, Finno CJ, Valberg SJ. Candidate gene expression and coding sequence variants in Warmblood horses with myofibrillar myopathy. Equine Vet J 2021 Mar;53(2):306-315.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13286pubmed: 32453872google scholar: lookup
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