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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Nasal shedding of equine herpesvirus-1 from horses in an out...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2012; 26(2); 384-392; doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00885.x

Nasal shedding of equine herpesvirus-1 from horses in an outbreak of equine herpes myeloencephalopathy in Western Canada.

Abstract: There is little information on the duration of nasal shedding of EHV-1 from horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Objective: To evaluate the duration of nasal shedding of EHV-1 in horses affected by EHM. Methods: One hundred and four horses naturally exposed to EHV-1, 20 of which had clinical signs of EHM. Methods: All horses on affected premises were monitored. Those horses developing EHM were sampled in a longitudinal outbreak investigation. Nasal swabs were collected daily from 16 of 20 horses affected by EHM. A qPCR was performed on 98 of 246 nasal swab samples to determine nasal shedding duration. Historical and clinical information was analyzed to evaluate potential risk factors for developing EHM and duration of shedding during this outbreak. Results: The last day shedding was detected in any horse was Disease Day 9. EHV-1 was detected in two-thirds of horses tested on Disease Days 0-3. The amount of EHV-1 DNA found in nasal swabs varied markedly and was not associated with disease severity or age. The odds of developing EHM were greater for febrile horses (OR = 20.3; 95% CI 3.4-390.3; P = .01) as well as for horses attending the riding clinic (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 0.84-21.65; P = .08). Conclusions: Biosecurity measures should be implemented for a minimum of 14 days beyond the onset of clinical signs of EHM. Animal managers cannot rely on the severity of clinical signs to predict the duration of EHV-1 shedding.
Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2012-02-15 PubMed ID: 22332764DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00885.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the duration and variability of nasal shedding in horses affected by Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) during an outbreak in Western Canada. It emphasizes the need for biosecurity measures, as the severity of clinical signs cannot reliably predict how long EHV-1 shedding will occur.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The primary objective of the study was to assess the duration of nasal shedding of Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in horses during an EHM outbreak.
  • 104 horses that were naturally exposed to EHV-1 were monitored. Among these, 20 showed clinical signs of EHM.
  • Horses that developed EHM symptoms were longitudinally investigated during the outbreak, and their nasal swabs were collected daily.
  • A quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted on 98 out of 246 nasal swab samples to assess the longevity of nasal shedding.
  • Clinical and historical data of the horses were analyzed to identify potential risk factors for developing EHM and the duration of shedding during the outbreak.

Results

  • The last day EHV-1 was detected in any horse’s nasal swab was on the 9th day of the disease.
  • EHV-1 was found in the nasal swabs of roughly two-thirds of the sampled horses within the first three days of disease progression.
  • There was a considerable variance in the EHV-1 DNA found in the nasal swabs. This find was not linked to the severity of the disease or the age of the horse.
  • Horses with fever had a significantly higher likelihood of developing EHM (OR = 20.3). Similarly, horses attending the riding clinic had an increased risk of developing EHM, but it wasn’t statistically significant (OR = 4.1).

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • Considering the duration of EHV-1 shedding, biosecurity measures should be implemented for a minimum of 14 days after the onset of EHM symptoms.
  • Animal managers cannot solely depend on the severity of clinical signs to predict the duration of EHV-1 shedding.

Cite This Article

APA
Burgess BA, Tokateloff N, Manning S, Lohmann K, Lunn DP, Hussey SB, Morley PS. (2012). Nasal shedding of equine herpesvirus-1 from horses in an outbreak of equine herpes myeloencephalopathy in Western Canada. J Vet Intern Med, 26(2), 384-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00885.x

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Pages: 384-392

Researcher Affiliations

Burgess, B A
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Tokateloff, N
    Manning, S
      Lohmann, K
        Lunn, D P
          Hussey, S B
            Morley, P S

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Viral / blood
              • DNA, Viral / chemistry
              • DNA, Viral / genetics
              • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
              • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
              • Female
              • Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
              • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
              • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horse Diseases / virology
              • Horses
              • Logistic Models
              • Longitudinal Studies
              • Male
              • Nasal Mucosa / immunology
              • Nasal Mucosa / virology
              • Nervous System Diseases / epidemiology
              • Nervous System Diseases / immunology
              • Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
              • Nervous System Diseases / virology
              • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
              • Saskatchewan / epidemiology
              • Virus Shedding / immunology

              Citations

              This article has been cited 11 times.
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