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Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 8; 645627; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.645627

Nasopharyngeal Microbiomes in Donkeys Shedding Streptococcus equi Subspecies equi in Comparison to Healthy Donkeys.

Abstract: subsp. equi () is the pathogen causing strangles, a highly infectious disease that can affect equids including donkeys of all ages. It can persistently colonize the upper respiratory tract of animals asymptomatically for years, which serves as a source of infection. Several strangles outbreaks have been reported in the donkey industry in China in the last few years and pose a great threat to health, production, and the welfare of donkeys. Nasopharyngeal swab samples for culture and PCR are used widely in strangles diagnosis. Additionally, microbiomes within and on the body are essential to host homoeostasis and health. Therefore, the microbiome of the equid nasopharynx may provide insights into the health of the upper respiratory tract in animals. There has been no study investigating the nasopharyngeal microbiome in healthy donkeys, nor in donkeys shedding . This study aimed to compare nasopharyngeal microbiomes in healthy and carrier donkeys using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from 16 donkeys recovered from strangles (group S) and 14 healthy donkeys with no history of strangles exposure (group H). Of those sampled, 7 donkeys were determined to be carriers with positive PCR and culture results in group S. In group H, all 14 donkeys were considered free of strangles based on the history of negative exposure, negative results of PCR and culture. Samples from these 21 donkeys were used for microbial analysis. The nasopharyngeal microbiome composition was compared between the two groups. At the phylum level, relative abundance of Proteobacteria was predominantly higher in the carrier donkeys than in healthy donkeys ( < 0.01), while Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were significantly less abundant in the carrier donkeys than in healthy donkeys ( < 0.05). At the genus level, was detected in the upper respiratory tract of donkeys for the first time and dominated in carrier donkeys. It is suspected to suppress other normal flora of URT microbiota including spp., spp., and spp. We concluded that the nasopharyngeal microbiome in carrier donkeys still exhibited microbial dysbiosis, which might predispose them to other airway diseases.
Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Chen, Yi, Holyoak, Wang, Ding and Li.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-22 PubMed ID: 33969039PubMed Central: PMC8100518DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.645627Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the differences in nasopharyngeal microbiomes between healthy donkeys and ones that are carriers of Streptococcus equi, a pathogen that causes strangles, a severe infection affecting equids. The study indicates that carrier donkeys exhibit significant changes in their nasopharyngeal microbiomes, potentially making them more susceptible to other diseases.

Objective and Methodology

  • The aim of this study was to compare the nasopharyngeal microbiomes in healthy donkeys and carrier donkeys. This was achieved through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a technique often used to investigate microbial communities.
  • Two groups of donkeys were examined in this study. Group S consisted of 16 donkeys that had recovered from strangles, among which seven were identified as carriers based on positive PCR and culture results. In contrast, Group H encompassed 14 healthy donkeys with no history of strangles, all of whom were determined to be free of the disease. The nasopharyngeal samples from a total of 21 donkeys from both groups were then used for microbial analysis.

Results

  • The study found that the composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiome significantly varied between the two groups. Specifically, a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria was observed in carrier donkeys, while the amounts of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were noticeably lower compared to their healthy counterparts.
  • At the genus level, the pathogen Streptococcus equi was spotted for the first time in the upper respiratory tract of donkeys, predominantly in those identified as carriers. Alongside this, it was noted that the presence of this bacterium might suppress other normal flora of the upper respiratory tract microbiota, including Streptococcus spp., Pasteurella spp., and Actinobacillus spp.

Conclusions

  • These findings led researchers to conclude that donkeys carrying Streptococcus equi show signs of microbial dysbiosis in their nasopharyngeal microbiomes. Dysbiosis refers to an imbalance or maladjustment in the microbiomes, potentially predisposing these donkeys to other diseases affecting the airway.

Cite This Article

APA
Zhu Y, Chen S, Yi Z, Holyoak R, Wang T, Ding Z, Li J. (2021). Nasopharyngeal Microbiomes in Donkeys Shedding Streptococcus equi Subspecies equi in Comparison to Healthy Donkeys. Front Vet Sci, 8, 645627. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.645627

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 645627
PII: 645627

Researcher Affiliations

Zhu, Yiping
  • Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Chen, Shulei
  • Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Yi, Ziwen
  • Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Holyoak, Reed
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
Wang, Tao
  • Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Dong-E County, China.
Ding, Zhaoliang
  • Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Dong-E County, China.
Li, Jing
  • Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

TW and ZD were employed by the company Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

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