Natural infection by Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. and Eimeria leuckarti in three groups of equines with different handlings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract: To detect Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. and Eimeria leuckarti in horses, fecal samples were collected from three different handling horse groups from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Group A was composed of "Mangalarga Marchador" pure breed horses, Group B was formed by horses of a Military Corporation and Group C by stray horses captured by the Center of Zoonosis Control Paulo Dacorso Filho. A total of 396 fecal samples were collected, 212 samples from Group A, 154 samples from Group B and 30 from Group C. The material was submitted to the centrifugation - flotation technique and staining by the safranin-methylene blue technique and analyzed. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. were identified in 0.75% of the samples (n=3); cysts of Giardia sp. in 0.5% (n=2) and oocysts of E. leuckarti in 0.5% (n=2). One case of E. leuckarti in group A and one of Cryptosporidium sp. in group B were observed. In group C were observed two cases of Cryptosporidium, two of Giardia and one of E. leuckarti,. Horses of group C were more parasitized by the three protozoans than animals from the other groups (p<0.01). It was possible to verify that factors related to the animals, like host individual susceptibility and sanitary factors may influence the occurrence of natural infections by gastrointestinal protozoans, although the age did not have influence. This study reports, for the first time, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. and E. leuckarti in equines of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Publication Date: 2008-11-17 PubMed ID: 19117684DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.103Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Clinical Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Parasites
- Public Health
- Veterinary Medicine
- Zoonotic Diseases
Summary
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The study aimed to identify the presence of infectious protozoans Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. and Eimeria leuckarti in horses from three different categories in Rio de Janeiro, revealing that stray horses were more significantly infested than other groups, with no influence of age on the infections detected.
Research Design and Sample Collection
- The researchers collected fecal samples from three distinct groups of horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The groups differed in their care and handling.
- Group A composed of pure breed “Mangalarga Marchador” horses, Group B included horses in a Military Corporation, and Group C consisted of stray horses that the Center of Zoonosis Control Paulo Dacorso Filho had captured.
- A total of 396 fecal samples were collected, split among the three groups: 212 from Group A, 154 from Group B, and 30 from Group C.
Sample Analysis and Findings
- The fecal samples were processed using the centrifugation – flotation and safranin-methylene blue staining techniques for analysis.
- The researchers identified Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in 0.75% of the samples, Giardia sp. cysts in 0.5%, and E. leuckarti oocysts in 0.5%.
- A single case of E. leuckarti was found in Group A and one case of Cryptosporidium sp. was detected in Group B.
- Group C, the stray horses, had two cases each of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and one case of E. leuckarti, making them significantly more parasitized by the three protozoans than the other groups (p<0.01).
Interpretation of Results
- Factors such as the animals’ individual susceptibility and sanitary conditions appeared to influence the occurrence of natural infections by the gastrointestinal protozoans. However, the age of the horses did not seem to be influential.
- The study marks the first time the occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. and E. leuckarti have been reported in equines of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Cite This Article
APA
De Souza PN, Bomfim TC, Huber F, Abboud LC, Gomes RS.
(2008).
Natural infection by Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. and Eimeria leuckarti in three groups of equines with different handlings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol, 160(3-4), 327-333.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.103 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman, Avenida Bartolomeu de Gusmão 1120, Rio de Janeiro 20941-160, Brazil. patriciaveterinaria@gmail.com
MeSH Terms
- Animal Husbandry / methods
- Animals
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Coccidiosis / epidemiology
- Coccidiosis / veterinary
- Cryptosporidiosis / epidemiology
- Cryptosporidiosis / veterinary
- Eimeria / isolation & purification
- Feces / parasitology
- Female
- Giardiasis / epidemiology
- Giardiasis / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Hygiene
- Male
- Oocysts
- Prevalence
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Li XM, Geng HL, Wei YJ, Yan WL, Liu J, Wei XY, Zhang M, Wang XY, Zhang XX, Liu G. Global prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in Equus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:1072385.
- Li F, Wang R, Guo Y, Li N, Feng Y, Xiao L. Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in horses and donkeys in northern China.. Parasitol Res 2020 Mar;119(3):1101-1108.
- Qi M, Ji X, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Jing B, Zhang L, Lin X, Karim MR, Wang H, Sun M. Prevalence and multilocus analysis of Giardia duodenalis in racehorses in China.. Parasitol Res 2020 Feb;119(2):483-490.
- Attia MM, Khalifa MM, Atwa MT. The prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt.. Vet World 2018 Sep;11(9):1298-1306.
- Deng L, Li W, Zhong Z, Liu X, Chai Y, Luo X, Song Y, Wang W, Gong C, Huang X, Hu Y, Fu H, He M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu K, Cao S, Peng G. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis in racehorses from the Sichuan province of southwestern China.. PLoS One 2017;12(12):e0189728.
- Coelho CH, Durigan M, Leal DAG, Schneider AB, Franco RMB, Singer SM. Giardiasis as a neglected disease in Brazil: Systematic review of 20 years of publications.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Oct;11(10):e0006005.
- Zhang XX, Zhang FK, Li FC, Hou JL, Zheng WB, Du SZ, Zhao Q, Zhu XQ. The presence of Giardia intestinalis in donkeys, Equus asinus, in China.. Parasit Vectors 2017 Jan 3;10(1):3.
- Uzal FA, Diab SS. Gastritis, Enteritis, and Colitis in Horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2015 Aug;31(2):337-58.
- Wagnerová P, Sak B, McEvoy J, Rost M, Matysiak AP, Ježková J, Kváč M. Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. including novel identification of the Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium tyzzeri in horses in the Czech Republic and Poland.. Parasitol Res 2015 Apr;114(4):1619-24.
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