New insights in professional horse racing; “in-race” heart rate data, elevated fracture risk, hydration, nutritional and lifestyle analysis of elite professional jockeys.

This article investigates the effects of weight-making practices on the physiological and musculoskeletal function of professional jockeys in Hong Kong, with a particular focus on heart rate response during races and hydration, dietary intake, and lifestyle choices. The study found that current lifestyle choices of jockeys result in suboptimal bone health, hydration status, and nutritional intake which can significantly enhance the fracture risk.

Study Methodology

• The study involved examining “in-race” heart rate responses and the early morning hydration status of 20 professional male jockeys during races in varying climatic conditions.
• Additionally, the bone mineral density (BMD) was also assessed, along with information regarding dietary intake and lifestyle choices of the jockeys. This included data on their usage of saunas and food restriction regimes.

Key Findings

• Osteopenia, a condition that involves a decrease in bone density, was observed in the jockeys’ heels. This suggests that the weight-making practices adopted by these professionals may be negatively affecting their bone health.
• Energy and protein intake were significantly lower on a race day than a non-race day, indicating that their nutritional intake is compromised during competition days.
• The “in-race” heart rate of the jockeys was found to be similar to those measured from a VO2 max lab test, an intense physical exercise to measure the maximum amount of oxygen consumption, suggesting the high intensity of professional horse racing.
• Hypohydration, a state of insufficient water in the body, was observed during the race days. This points to inadequate hydration practices among the jockeys.
• The most common weight-making practices among these professional jockeys were sauna usage and food restriction, both of which can exacerbate dehydration and nutritional deficiencies.

Implications and Conclusions

• The study highlights that the current lifestyle choices and practices adopted by professional jockeys are leading to suboptimal bone health, inadequate hydration, and poor nutritional intake. These factors contribute to an increased fracture risk — a significant concern in a field that already has a high risk of physical injuries.
• The researchers recommend further studies to develop detailed exercise and nutrition guidelines that can help improve the skeletal health of professional jockeys, thus reducing the risk of fractures and other injuries.